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<!{|style="float: left;"|{{Language-- table at top of page with logo, picture, Application level, Management level, and input-output tables -->box|english_link=Motorized_Emptying_and_Transport|french_link=Vidange_et_Transport_motorisés|spanish_link=Vaciado_y_Transporte_Motorizado|hindi_link=coming soon|malayalam_link=coming soon|tamil_link=coming soon | korean_link=coming soon | chinese_link=Coming soon | indonesian_link=Coming soon | japanese_link=Coming soon}}|}{|width="100%"|style="width:50%;"|{santable{santable_new|sys1=[[Single Pit System |1]]|sys2=[[ Blackwater Treatment Waterless System with InfiltrationUrine Diversion|54 ]]|sys3=[[ Blackwater Treatment Biogas System with Sewerage|65]]|sys4=[[ Sewerage Blackwater Treatment System with Urine DiversionInfiltration|86]]|sys5=[[Blackwater Treatment System with Effluent Transport|7]]|sys6=[[Sewerage System with Urine Diversion|9]]|

Input1=Faecal Sludge|Input2=Urine |Input3=Blackwater| Input4= Effluent |Input5=Stored Urine|Output1= Faecal Sludge |Output2= Urine | Output3= Blackwater | Output4= Effluent | Output5=|english_link=Motorized_Emptying_and_Transport|french_link=Vidange_et_Transport_motorisés|spanish_link=Vaciado y Transporte MotorizadoStored Urine

[[Image:Icon_motorized_emptying_and_transport.png |right|95px80px]]'''Motorized Emptying and Transport refers to a vacuum truck or another vehicle equipped with a motorized pump and a storage tank for emptying and transporting faecal sludge, septage and urine. Humans are required to operate the pump and manoeuvre the hose, but they do not lift or transport the sludge.'''

The pump is connected '''Motorized emptying and transport refers to a hose that is lowered down into vehicle equipped with a motorized pump and a constructed storage tank (e.g. septic tank or aquaprivy) or pit, for emptying and the transporting faecal sludge is pumped up into the holding tank on the truckand urine. Generally Humans are required to operate the storage capacity of a vacuum tanker is between 3,000 pump and 10manoeuvre the hose,000L. Multiple truckloads may be required for large septic tanksbut sludge is not manually lifted or transported.'''

Both the agencies responsible for sewerage and private entrepreneurs may operate vacuum trucksA truck is fitted with a pump which is connected to a hose that is lowered down into a tank (e.g., [[Septic Tank | Septic Tank]], although the price and level of service may vary significantlyS. Some public operators may not service informal settlements9) or pit, whereas some private operators may offer a reduced price, but can only afford to do so if they do not empty and the sludge at a certified facilityis pumped up into the holding tank on the vehicle. The cost This type of hiring design is often referred to as a vacuum truck can sometimes be . Alternative motorized vehicles or machines have been developed for densely populated areas with limited access. Designs such as the most expensive part of operating Vacutug, Dung Beetle, Molsta or Kedoteng carry a small sludge tank and a sanitation system for some homeownerspump and can negotiate narrow pathways.

===Design Considerations=== Generally, the storage capacity of a vacuum truck is between 3 and 12 m3. Local trucks are commonly adapted for sludge transport by equipping them with holding tanks and pumps. Modified pick-ups and tractor trailers can transport around 1.5 m3, but capacities vary. Smaller vehicles for densely populated areas have capacities of 500 to 800 L. These vehicles use, for example, two-wheel tractor or motorcycle based drives and can reach speeds of up to 12 km/h. Pumps can usually only suck down to a depth of 2 to 3 m (depending on the strength of the pump) and must belocated within 30 m of the pit. In general, the closer the vacuum pump can be to the pit, the easier it is to empty. ====Vacutug====The UN-HABITAT Vacutug Project was conceived in 1995 with the goal of developing ‘fully sustainable system for emptying pit latrines in unplanned, periurban peri-urban areas and refugee camps in the developing countries’. The Vacutug consists of a 500 litre steel vacuum tank connected to vacuum pump which is connected to a gasoline engine that has the capacity to remove sludge (or urine) at 1,700 litres a minute. On level ground, the vehicle is capable of around 5km/h. The waste sludge can be discharged under gravity or by slight pressurization from the pump. Recent results indicate that under certain circumstances (constant number of pits, transfer station, short transfer distance, etc.) the Vacutug can be sustainable and cover its operating and maintenance costs.

<br>{{procontable | pro=- Fast, hygienic and generally efficient. effective sludge removal <br>- Efficient transport possible with large vacuum trucks <br> - Potential for local job creation and income generation. <br> - Provides an essential service to unsewered areas. | con=- Cannot pump thick , dried sludge (must be manually removed or thinned with wateror manually removed). <br> - Garbage in pits may block hose. <br> - Cannot completely empty deep pits due to limited suction lift <br>- Very high capital costs; variable operating costs depending on use and maintenance. <br> - Pumps can usually only suck down to Hiring a depth of 2 to 3m and the pump must vacuum truck may be located within 30m of the pit. unaffordable for poor households <br> - Not all parts and materials may be locally available locally. <br> - May have difficulties with access.

==Adequacy=Appropriateness=== Although smaller more mobile vehicles have been developed, large vacuum trucks remain Depending on the norm for municipalities Collection and sanitation authorities. UnfortunatelyStorage technology, large trucks the sludge can be so dense that it cannot access all pits/septic tanks especially in areas with narrow or non-driveable roadsbe easily pumped. Also, vacuum trucks can rarely make trips In these situations it is necessary to peri-urban or rural areas since thin the income generated from emptyingsolids with water so that they flow more easily, but this may not offset be inefficient and costly. Garbage and sand make emptying much more difficult and clog the cost of fuel and timepipe or pump. Multiple truckloads may be required for large Septic Tanks.

Depending on the collection Although large vacuum trucks cannot access areas with narrow or treatment technologynon-drivable roads, they remain the material that needs norm for municipalities and sanitation authorities. These trucks can rarely make trips to be pumped can be so dense that it cannot be pumped easilyremote areas (e.g. In these situations it is necessary to thin , in the periphery of a city) since the solids with water so that they flow more easily, but this income generated may be inefficient and costly. If water is not available, it may be necessary for offset the waste to be manually removedcost of fuel and time. In generalTherefore, the closer the vacuum can treatment site must be to within reach from the pit, the easier it is to emptyserviced areas. [[Transfer Station - Underground Holding Tank | Transfer Stations]] (C.7) and adequate treatment are also crucial for service providers using small-scale motorized equipment. The critical velocity of Field experiences have shown that the sludge required existing designs for pumping is dependent on the distance fromdense urban areas are limited in terms of their emptying effectiveness and travel speed, and strength oftheir ability to negotiate slopes, the vacuum pump; sludge is extremely site specificpoor roads and very narrow lanes. Garbage Moreover, demand and sand also makes emptying the pit much more difficultmarket constraints have prevented them from becoming commercially viable.

===Health Aspects/Acceptance=== The use of a vacuum tanker for emptying truck presents a pit latrine or [[Septic Tank]] presents two significant health improvements: (1) improvement over manual emptying maintains and helps to maintain the Collection and Storage/Treatment technology and reduces the risk of overflows and (2) the use of a tanker reduces the need for manual emptying, which is quite unsafe and unhygienic. Still, those who operate vacuum trucks may be demonized truck operators are not always accepted by the community and may face difficulties with finding appropriate locations to dump and treat the collected sludge.

===Operation & Maintenance=== Most pump trucks are manufactured in North America, Asia or Europe. Thus, in some regions it is difficult to locate spare parts and a mechanic to repair broken pumps or trucks. New trucks are very expensive and sometimes difficult to obtain. Therefore, older trucks are often used, but the savings are offset by the resulting high maintenance and fuelcosts that can account for more than two thirds of the total costs incurred by a truck operator. Truck owners must be conscientious to save money for the purchase of expensive replacement parts, tires and equipment. The lack of preventive maintenance is often the cause for major repairs. The addition of chemical additives for desludging is not recommended because they tend to corrode the sludge tank.

Maintenance is a crucial part of vacuum truck operation===References===* Boesch, A. Trucks are not usually brand new and they often require constant attention to prevent breakdownsSchertenleib, R. The lack of preventive maintenance is often the cause for major repairs(1985). Most pump trucks are manufactured in North America or Europe[https://www. As such, it is difficult to locate spare truck parts and a local mechanic to repair broken pumps and truckssusana. New trucks are difficult to obtain, very expensive org/en/knowledge-hub/resources-and thus rarely purchased-publications/library/details/3091 Emptying on-Site Excreta Disposal Systems. Local trucks are commonly adapted to serve as vacuum trucks by equipping them Field Tests with holding tanks and vacuumsMechanized Equipment in Gaborone (Botswana)]. Maintenance accounts International Reference Centre for at least one quarter of the costs incurred by the operator of a vacuum truckWaste Disposal, Dübendorf, CH. Fuel and oil account for another quarter (Comprehensive summary of the total operating costs. Owners/operators must be conscientious to save money for the purchase of expensive replacement partstechnical components, performance with different sludge types, tires and equipment, whose replacement could be essential to the working of the vacuum truck.maintenance)

==Acknowledgements=={{* Chowdhry, S. and Koné, D. (2012). [https:Acknowledgements Sanitation}}//www.susana.org/en/knowledge-hub/resources-and-publications/library/details/1662 Business Analysis of Fecal Sludge Management: Emptying and Transportation Services in Africa and Asia]. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, US.

==References * O’Riordan, M. (2009). [https://www.susana.org/en/knowledge-hub/resources-and external links==-publications/library/details/1424 Investigation into Methods of Pit Latrine Emptying. Management of Sludge Accumulation in VIP Latrines]. WRC Project 1745, Water Research Commission, Pretoria, ZA. (Includes a detailed analysis of field experiences with the Vacutug)

* BrikkéStrande, FL., Ronteltap, M. and BrederoBrdjanovic, MD. (Eds. ) (20032014). Linking technology choice with operation and maintenance in the context of community water supply and sanitation: A reference document Faecal Sludge Management. Systems Approach for planners Implementation and project staffOperation (book). WHO and IRC Water and Sanitation CentreIWA Publishing, London, Geneva. Available: http://wwwUK.who.int (Chapter 8 provides an assessment of vacuum emptying.)

* Boesch, A. and Schertenleib, R. (1985). Pit Emptying On- Site Excreta Disposal Systems. Field Tests with Mechanized Equipment in Gaborone (Botswana). IRCWD, Switzerland. Available: www.sandec.ch (Comprehensive summary of technical components, performance with different sludge types, and maintenance.)===Acknowledgements===* Issaias, I. (2007). UN-HABITAT Vacutug Development Project{{: Technical report of field trials 2003–2006. Water, Acknowledgements Sanitation and Infrastructure Branch, UN-HABITAT, Nairobi, Kenya.}}