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Irrigation - Spray head

864 bytes added, 05:09, 1 October 2013
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{{stub}}__NOTOC__[[Image:Spray_head_icon.png‎|right|80px]][[Image:Spray_head.PNG|thumb|right|250px200px|Spray irrigation for urban market gardening in Mali. Photo: Netherlands Water Partnership.]]__NOTOC__ <small-title />
Spray-head irrigation requires pressure from pedal or motor pumps. In West Africa, the spray-head is mounted on a lay-flat hose connected to a small petrol pump. Spray irrigation is an intermediate option between a watering can and more sophisticated sprinkler or drip irrigation. It has high water use efficiency and saves energy and labour.
===Suitable conditions ===
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center"
|-
! width="50%" style="background:#efefef;" | Advantages
! style="background:#ffdeadf0f8ff;" | Disadvantages
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| valign="top" | - High water use efficiency. <br>
|}
===Construction, operations and maintenance===
'''Options for optimization:'''
* replace the petrol pump with a treadle pump.
===Costs===
US$ 2 - 5 for a spray-head. US$ 300 - 600 for a unit with petrol pumps.
===Field experiences===
<b>Location:</b> West Africa.
==Reference manuals=Manuals, videos, and links===
* [ftp://ftp.fao.org/agl/aglw/fwm/SmallScalePumpedIrrigation.pdf Small scale pumped irrigation.] FAO.
===Acknowledgements===* [http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&ved=0CFoQFjAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.siminet.org%2Fimages%2Fpdfs%2Fsprayirrigation.pdf&ei=Dan8T5nFJ8mK2gXg9rnJCA&usg=AFQjCNETEhXHL1VdgxGT1YieeS-GPnH9Dw&sig2=9BeFd14tNvqJqf2abS7Nng Efficiency, cost, optimization and spread of spray irrigation in West Africa.]* [http://www.washdoc.info/docsearch/title/124276 SmartWater Solutions: Examples of innovative, low-cost technologies for wells, pumps, storage, irrigation and water treatment] or ([http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CFEQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nwp.nl%2F_docs%2Fpublicaties%2FSmart_Water_Solutions_ENG_2006.pdf&ei=tKv8T_e6IYTiqgHOy4iLCQ&usg=AFQjCNE9tTXI9rJyLrJCYiS2z9bWSPnK5Q&sig2=ErJBEzlYeSUQV5erv2BWcw alternative link]). Netherlands Water Partnership.
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