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Coastal resources in Indonesia are used by the local communities for obtaining food, fodder, fuelwood, shelter and a variety of other services. With high biological diversity and endemism, coastal zones are used as repositories for the effluent of industrial processes and domestic wastes and also as prime sites for reclamation to create land for industry, agriculture, and settlement. In areas such as Java, the expansion of large cities disturb the coastal zone. Indonesia’s population is increasing at an alarming rate and will be 270 million in 2020 and so demographic pressures are pronounced more in Indonesia. About 64% of Indonesian people live in and around the coastal areas.<ref>Sukardjo S. (1999) Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) in Indonesia. In: Salomons W., Turner R.K., de Lacerda L.D., Ramachandran S. (eds) Perspectives on Integrated Coastal Zone Management. Environmental Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg</ref>
The consequences of coastal exploitation in Indonesia are very complex. The key resource use problems and conflicts in the coastal zone in Indonesia include:
* loss of mangrove forest and tidal swamplands which support traditional fisheries,
The concept of ICZM has been known in international forums since 1992. Almost in most international conventions on marine and environmental management recommend the use of the ICZM concept in the management of marine resources and other marine activities. Much success has been achieved by coastal countries in the world in implementing the ICZM concept. It is therefore appropriate for Indonesia to apply the ICZM concept as an alternative solution to the problems it faces in the management of marine and coastal resources and other activities in the marine sector.<ref>http://oseanografi.lipi.go.id/dokumen/oseana_xxxi(1)21-26.pdf</ref>
To make sure that the content and lessons learned within the project are not lost it was decided to make a final content report. This report is not based on new research, except for some spatial plan and legal tools analysis. It shows international ICZM perspectives, summarizes the findings on the coastal problems and bottlenecks within the project and gives conclusions and recommendations. It was presented to CJP on 28 September 2021. A presentation is added as in the Annex. The table of content below is based on the Integrated Coastal Zone Management Final (concept) content report<ref>Victor Coenen (Witteveen+Bos), Susan Arts and (TwynstraGudde, Jaap de Heer (TwynstraGudde) and , Mugy Grimwaldy (Bita Bina Semesta) and Henni Hendarti (Deltares), Date 21-9-2021</ref> with additional extra resources. ==== Table of Content ====
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Table of Content'''![[File:2 Pengelolaan Zona Pantai.png|center|frameless|100x100px]]'''<sub>[[2. ICZM: International perspective]]</sub>'''![[File:Stakeholders in ICZM.png|center|frameless|100x100px]][[2. Institutions|'''3. Institutions''']]![[File:9 Masterplan.png|center|frameless|100x100px]]<sub>[[3. Analysis of coastal spatial plans|4. Analysis of coastal spatial plans]]</sub>![[File:11 Regulation.png|center|frameless|100x100px]]<sub>[[4. Analysis of legal tools|5. Analysis of legal tools]]</sub>![[File:12 Study Case.png|center|frameless|100x100px]][[7. Annexes & Presentations|'''6. Annexes & Presentations''']]|}[[File:Logo Partners Voor Water.png|right|frameless|250x250px]]
===== Acknowledgements =====[https://www.partnersvoorwater.nl/ '''<sub>[[2. ICZM: International perspective]]</sub>Partners for Water (Partners voor Water)'''![[File:12 Study Case.png|frameless|100x100px]]
[https://twynstra.com/#2 '''TwynstraGudde''']
Center for ICZM UNDIP is is a research center that focuses on integrated coastal area management in Indonesia. Within the project, the research center works together with the Central Java Provincial Government to lead in the preparation of the Brebes Regency master plan in 2021.
===== Media =====
* [https://jatengprov.go.id/publik/belanda-pertajam-kerja-sama-revitalisasi-pantura-jawa/ "The Netherlands Sharpens Cooperation for the Revitalization of the Java Coast", Jan 30th 2018 | Central Java Government Official Website]
* [https://humas.jatengprov.go.id/detail_berita_gubernur?id=2450 "ICZM Team Ready To Handle Coastal Areas of Central Java", March 28th, 2019 | Central Java Government Public Relations Website]
===Research/Publications ===* [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/32157545_Integrated_Coastal_Zone_Management_ICZM_in_Indonesia_A_View_from_a_Mangrove_Ecologist Integrated Coastal Zone Management in Indonesia: A View from a Mangrove Ecologist]* [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/223755373_Integrated_coastal_zone_management_towards_Indonesia_global_ocean_observing_system_INA-GOOS_Review_and_recommendation Integrated coastal zone management towards Indonesia global ocean observing system (INA-GOOS): Review and recommendation]* [http://oseanografi.lipi.go.id/dokumen/oseana_xxxi(1)21-26.pdf Integrated Coastal Zone Management in Indonesia] =References == References ===
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