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{| class="wikitable"|=== Introduction '''Coastal Zone Problems in Indonesia''' ===In March 2019 The consequences of coastal exploitation in Indonesia are very complex. The key resource use problems and conflicts in the Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) for the Northern Coast coastal zone in Indonesia include:* loss of Central Javamangrove forest and tidal swamplands which support traditional fisheries, Indonesia was started. The project started introducing Central Java Province * improper utilization of coastal zone by "money holders" (CJPnot coastal inhabitant - example conversion of mangrove forest for Tambak) to , * declining socio-economic livelihood status of the concepts already poor inhabitants of ICZM coastal villages, * increasing coastal population, * overfishing and understanding use of destructive methods, * lack of comprehensive ecological information concerning the coastal issueszone/resources for developers an~ decision-makers at the provincial level, * the mechanisms relevance of agricultural policy for income and tools to influence these mechanismsfood security<ref>Sukardjo S. Also it was guiding the province in the process of becoming a competent authority leading (1999) Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM ) in Central Java so they can exercise their mandate Indonesia. In: Salomons W., Turner R.K., de Lacerda L.D., Ramachandran S. (eds) Perspectives on this matterIntegrated Coastal Zone Management. Unfortunately the global pandemic has halted the project while it was entering its second yearEnvironmental Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg</ref>.

To make sure that The concept of ICZM has been known in international forums since 1992. Almost in most international conventions on marine and environmental management recommend the use of the ICZM concept in the content management of marine resources and lessons learned within other marine activities. Much success has been achieved by coastal countries in the world in implementing the project are not lost it was decided to make a final content reportICZM concept. This report It is not based on new research, except therefore appropriate for some spatial plan and legal tools analysis. It shows international Indonesia to apply the ICZM perspectives, summarizes the findings on concept as an alternative solution to the coastal problems and bottlenecks within it faces in the project management of marine and gives conclusions coastal resources and recommendations. The content within the ICZM other activities in Indonesia Akvopedia page is based on the Integrated Coastal Zone Management Final (concept) content reportmarine sector.<ref>Victor Coenen (Witteveen+Bos), Susan Arts and Jaap de Heer (TwynstraGudde) and Mugy Grimwaldy http://oseanografi.lipi.go.id/dokumen/oseana_xxxi(Bita Bina Semesta1) Date 21-9-202126.pdf</ref>

==== Table Unfortunately the global pandemic has halted the project while it was entering its second year. [http://pusdataru.jatengprov.go.id/ PUSDATARU] (department of Content ====CJP) indicated that they were no longer able to support the project due to budget re-allocation for the mitigation of the Covid-19 pandemic. As a consequence it was no longer feasible to continue the project.

{| class="wikitable"![[File:2 Pengelolaan Zona PantaiTo make sure that the content and lessons learned within the project are not lost it was decided to make a final content report. This report is not based on new research, except for some spatial plan and legal tools analysis. It shows international ICZM perspectives, summarizes the findings on the coastal problems and bottlenecks within the project and gives conclusions and recommendations. It was presented to CJP on 28 September 2021. A presentation is added as in the Annex.png|frameless|100x100px]]

'''The table of content below is based on the Integrated Coastal Zone Management Final content report<subref>ICZM: International perspectiveVictor Coenen (Witteveen+Bos), Susan Arts (TwynstraGudde, Jaap de Heer (TwynstraGudde), Mugy Grimwaldy (Bita Bina Semesta) and Henni Hendarti (Deltares), Date 21-9-2021</subref>'''![[File:12 Study Casewith additional extra resources.png|frameless|100x100px]]

{| class="wikitable"|+'''Table of Content'''![[File:2 Pengelolaan Zona Pantai.png|center|frameless|100x100px]]'''_{Analysis of coastal spatial plans[[2. ICZM: International perspective]]}'''![[File:11 RegulationStakeholders in ICZM.png|center|frameless|100x100px]][[2. Institutions|'''3. Institutions''']]![[File:9 Masterplan.png|center|frameless|100x100px]]_{[[3. Analysis of legal toolscoastal spatial plans|4. Analysis of coastal spatial plans]]} |-|![[File:1 Aspek Teknis11 Regulation.png|center|frameless|100x100px]]_{'''[[4. Analysis of legal tools|5. Analysis of coastal problems and bottlenecks'''legal tools]]}|![[File:9 Masterplan12 Study Case.png|center|frameless|100x100px]]_{[[7. Annexes & Presentations|'''Conclusions and recommendations6. Annexes & Presentations'''}|]]

===== Acknowledgements ===== ====== '''[[ICZM in Indonesia]]''' ======Coastal resources in Indonesia are used by the local communities for obtaining food, fodder, fuelwood, shelter and a variety of other services. With high biological diversity and endemism, coastal zones are used as repositories for the effluent of industrial processes and domestic wastes and also as prime sites for reclamation to create land for industry, agriculture, and settlement. In areas such as Java, the expansion of large cities disturb the coastal zone. Indonesia’s population is increasing at an alarming rate and will be 270 million in 2020 and so demographic pressures are pronounced more in Indonesia. About 64% of Indonesian people live in and around the coastal areas.<ref>Sukardjo S. (1999) Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) in Indonesia. Inhttps: Salomons W., Turner R.K., de Lacerda L.D//www., Ramachandran Spartnersvoorwater. (eds) Perspectives on Integrated Coastal Zone Management. Environmental Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg<nl/ref> ====== '''Coastal Zone Problems in IndonesiaPartners for Water (Partners voor Water)''' ======The consequences of coastal exploitation in Indonesia are very complex. The key resource use problems and conflicts in the coastal zone in Indonesia include • loss of mangrove forest and tidal swamplands which support traditional fisheries, • improper utilization of coastal zone by "money holders" (not coastal inhabitant - example conversion of mangrove forest for Tambak), • declining socio-economic livelihood status of the already poor inhabitants of coastal villages, • increasing coastal population, • overfishing and use of destructive methods, • lack of comprehensive ecological information concerning the coastal zone/resources for developers an~ decision-makers at the provincial level, • the relevance of agricultural policy for income and food security<ref>Sukardjo S. (1999) Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) in Indonesia. In: Salomons W., Turner R.K., de Lacerda L.D., Ramachandran S. (eds) Perspectives on Integrated Coastal Zone Management. Environmental Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg</ref>.]

The concept of ICZM has been known in international forums since 1992. Almost in most international conventions on marine and environmental management recommend Partners for Water is the use of the ICZM concept program for parties in the management of marine resources and other marine activitiesDutch water sector with international ambitions. Much success For more than ten years, Partners for Water has been achieved supporting innovative projects by coastal countries in the world in implementing the ICZM conceptcollaborating parties abroad. It is therefore appropriate for Indonesia to apply the ICZM concept as an alternative solution to the problems it faces in the management of marine With knowledge, advice, financing and coastal resources and other activities in the marine sector.<ref>http://oseanografi.lipi.go.id/dokumen/oseana_xxxi(1)21-26networks.pdf</ref>

=== Implementation of ICZM in Indonesia ==={| class="wikitable"|-|[[File:Draft-01 General.png|80x80px]]|'''[https://akvopediatwynstra.orgcom/wiki/ICZM_in_Central_Java ICZM in Central Java]#2 '''TwynstraGudde'''|The [https://jatengprov.go.id/ Central Java Provincial Government] in Indonesia has made a commitment to revitalize and restore the northern coasts of Central Java with the ICZM approach. One of the efforts is by cooperating with [https://www.dutchwatersector.com/news/twynstragudde-wins-tender-for-coastal-zone-management-project-on-java-indonesia The Dutch-Indonesian ICZM consortium], who will assist the local authorities with knowledge development and capacity building to implement ICZM. |-|[[File:Draft-01 GeneralTwynstra logo.png|80x80pxright|frameless]]|'''ICZM in North Sumatra'''|North Sumatra TwynstraGudde is the potential to increase coastal tourism as well as to enhance leading partner of the economic growth ICZM in Northern Coastal of the areaCentral Java Project. The main objective of North Sumatra government strategic planning Twynstra Gudde’s expertise is economic development that describes on their mission to enlarge social ability and support regional economic stakeholders in taking advantage of natural resources strategy, organisation and services of integrated and sustained coastal zone management for , i.e developing marine tourismknowledge and capacity building and also have international experience, such as implementing the Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 project. The strategy needed  Within the ICZM in gaining North SumatraCentral Java project, TwynstraGudde's potential tourism in the coastal area. The key challenges are lack of integrated coastal policies with effective implementation role is to advise on and difficulty of coordinating among several government agencies whose manage coastal activities Integration provide coaching for capacity building and collaborative approach is needed to secure the stainable knowledge development of marine areas in a healthy environment, e. The Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) would be suitable to be applied in the North Sumatra coastal area if the NorthSumatra tourism industry is to remain profitable in the long termg.institutional capacity, connective capacity, strategy forming, stakeholder management and financing<ref>https://wwwtwynstra.researchgate.netcom/publicationtwynstra-gudde-wins-tender-for-coastal-zone-management-project-in-indonesia/319206751_integrated_coastal_tourism_planning_in_north_sumatera</ref>|-|[[File:Draft-01 General.png|80x80px]]|ICZM in ..||}

{[[File:Witteveen+Bos logo.png| class="wikitable"!Definition of Integrated Coastal Zone Managementright|-|'frameless]]''(ICZM)''' is a complex term. ICZM, as an integrated approach of the coastal zone, needs to be related to its broader context. This features context and means looking at developments in political & administrative, economic, societal, technological, environmental and legal fields. It requires knowledge of the physical systems (for example upstream-downstream relations) and availability of data.  |-|ICZM calls for organizing and development of institutional capacities and a stakeholder network. It is a management challenge (how to make it work?). It calls for establishing the right decision-making platforms and for example working groups and a stakeholder network with good relationships. All these elements are explained further on this wiki-portal.|-|[httphttps://www.coastalwikiwitteveenbos.orgcom/wikiabout-us/Some_definitions_of_Integrated_Coastal_Zone_Management_(ICZM) Some definitions of ICZMWitteveen+Bos] is compiled in this [http://www.coastalwiki.org/wiki/Integrated_Coastal_Zone_Management_(ICZM) Coastal Wiki] page.|}'''

=== How Witteveen+Bos is an engineering and consultancy firm with expertise in supporting partners to Apply ICZM ==={| class="sortable"|-|[[File:Draft-04 Technical Aspectsovercome challenging problems in water, infrastructure, the environment and construction.png|center|frameless|185x185px]]||[[File:ICZM Witteveen has had experiences working togetherin various projects in Java.png|center|frameless|185x185px]]||[[File:Draft-03 Finance.png|center|frameless|185x185px]]||[[File:ICZM building strong organization.png|center|frameless|185x185px]]||[[File:ICZM learning.png|center|frameless|185x185px]]|-|[[ICZM: Technical Aspects | Technical Aspects]]||[[ICZM: Working Together | Working Together ]]||[[ICZM: Financing | Financing ]]||[[ICZM: Building a Strong Organization | Building a <br>Strong Organization]] ||[[ICZM: Learning Within the project, Witteveen+Bos takes the role of operational project lead and Personal Development | Learning and <br>Personal Development]] |} === Videos ==={| class="wikitable"! colspan="3" |Videos on ICZM|-| colspan="3" |Here are several videos explaining what integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) is all about and issues related to ICZM from various sources provides the technical expertise and experts on knowledge as well as experience of coastal managementdevelopment.|-|{{YouTube| id = g3uD-m6DPcc}}

Interview with Dr'''[https://www. Peter Rbita. Burbridge, emeritus professor and coastal management expert from Newcastle University at U.K, about the meaning of ICZMid/bita-bina-semesta/ Bita Bina Semesta]'''[[File:Bita-bbs logo.png|{{YouTuberight| id = qvcw_petP2wframeless]]}}Interview with John RPT BITA BINA SEMESTA/BBS is an Indonesian National Consultant Company specializing on 'front end' type of works, including planning and environmental studies for power plant development, mineral and natural resource development, urban development, infrastructure and industrial development.Clark, ICZM an expert from Bita's role in the United States who project is also an international specialist in to support studies and planning towards the development of marine protected areasCentral Java ICZM masterplan.|{{YouTube| id = wDVSZefJqXU}}Short video graphic about coastal management.|}

=== Research/Publications ===[[File:Center for ICZM UNDIP Logo.png|right|frameless]]'''[https://wwwiczm.researchgateundip.netac.id/publication/32157545_Integrated_Coastal_Zone_Management_ICZM_in_Indonesia_A_View_from_a_Mangrove_Ecologist Integrated Coastal Zone Management in Indonesia: A View from a Mangrove EcologistCenter for ICZM, Diponegoro University]'''

[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/223755373_Integrated_coastal_zone_management_towards_Indonesia_global_ocean_observing_system_INA-GOOS_Review_and_recommendation Integrated Center for ICZM UNDIP is is a research center that focuses on integrated coastal zone area management towards in Indonesia global ocean observing system (INA-GOOS): Review and recommendation]. Within the project, the research center works together with the Central Java Provincial Government to lead in the preparation of the Brebes Regency master plan in 2021.

===== Media =====* [httphttps://oseanografi.lipijatengprov.go.id/dokumenpublik/oseana_xxxi(1)21belanda-26pertajam-kerja-sama-revitalisasi-pantura-jawa/ "The Netherlands Sharpens Cooperation for the Revitalization of the Java Coast", Jan 30th 2018 | Central Java Government Official Website]* [https://humas.jatengprov.go.pdf Integrated id/detail_berita_gubernur?id=2450 "ICZM Team Ready To Handle Coastal Zone Management in IndonesiaAreas of Central Java", March 28th, 2019 | Central Java Government Public Relations Website]

===== References =====