Akvopedia-spade, akvouser, bot, bureaucrat, emailconfirmed, smwadministrator, smwcurator, susana-working-group-susana-member, administrator, widget editor
697
edits
Changes
→References
{|width="100%"
|style="width:50%;"|{{santable_new|
sys7=|
sys8=|
sys9=|
ApplHousehold=XX|
ApplNeighbourhood=XX|
Input1=Sludge|Input2=Dried faeces |Input3=Compost | Input4=Pit Humus |Input5=|
Output1= Sludge |Output2= Dried faeces | Output3= Compost | Output4=Pit Humus | Output5=
}}
|[[Image:MAPET_and_Vacutug_systemhuman-powered.PNG |right|270px500px]]
|}
<br>
----
# using a portable, manually operated pump specially designed for sludge (e.g., the Gulper, the Rammer, the MDHP or the MAPET).
Some sanitation technologies can only be emptied manually, for example, the [[Fossa Alterna]] (S.5) or [[DehydrationVaults]] (S.7). These technologies must be emptied with a shovel because the material is solid and cannot be removed with a vacuum or a pump. When sludge is viscous or watery it should be emptied with a hand pump or a vacuum truck, and not with buckets because of the high risk of collapsing pits, toxic fumes, and exposure to unsanitized sludge. Manual sludge pumps are relatively new inventions and have shown promise as being low-cost, effective solutions for sludge emptying where, because of access, safety or economics, other emptying techniques are not possible.
===Design Considerations===
====Gulper====
One example of such a pump is The Gulper. This is a simple hand pump used to empty wet pit latrines and drain interceptor tanks. It consists of PVC pipes for the body, and stainless steel valves and puller rod. The Gulper is lowered into the pit with a footrest at ground-level. The operator raises and lowers a puller rod, which pushes the sludge from the pit up through a pipe into a bucket or bag. Using the gulper, operators no longer need to climb into the pits and come in contact with the septic sludge. It is also much less time consuming as it removes around 3 litres of sludge per stroke. It is a cheaper method of improving sanitation, than trying to replace the pits by proper latrines. For more [http://www.ideas-at-work.org/images/pdf/Gulper_pit_emptying_device.pdf information about the Gulper].
====Cartage systems====
Hand pumps can be used for liquid and, to a certain degree, viscous sludge. Domestic refuse in the pit makes emptying much more difficult. The pumping of sludge, which contains coarse solid wastes or grease, can lead to clogging of the device, and chemical additives can corrode pipes, pumps and tanks. The hand pump is a significant improvement over the bucket method and could prove to be a sustainable business opportunity in some regions.
Manually operated sludge pumps are appropriate for areas that are not served or not accessible by vacuum trucks, or where vacuum truck emptying is too costly. They are well suited to dense, urban and informal settlements, although the type and size of transport vehicle determines the feasible distance to the discharge point. Large vehicles may not be able to manoeuvre within narrow streets and alleys, while smaller vehicles may not be able to travel long distances. These technologies are more feasible when there is a [[Transfer Station - Underground Holding Tank | Transfer Station]] (C.7) nearby.
===Health Aspects/Acceptance===
===References===
* Eales, K. (2005). [https://www.ircwash.org/resources/bringing-pit-emptying-out-darkness-comparison-approaches-durban-south-africa-and-kibera Bringing Pit Emptying out of the Darkness: A Comparison of Approaches in Durban, South Africa, and Kibera, Kenya]. Building Partnerships for Development in Water and Sanitation, London, UK.:Available * Ideas at: Work (2007). [httphttps://wwwsswm.bpdwsinfo/node/2304 The ‘Gulper’ – a Manual Latrine/Drain Pit Pump].org bpdwsIdeas at Work, Phnom Penh, KH.org] (A comparison of two manual emptying projects)
* Ideas at Work Muller, M. and Rijnsburger, J. (20071994). The ‘Gulper’ – a Manual Latrine/Drain Pit Pump. Ideas at Work, Phnom Penh, KH.:Available at: [httphttps://wwwfr.ideas-at-workircwash.org ideas/sites/default/files/Muller-at1994-workMAPET.orgpdf MAPET. Manual Pit-latrine Emptying Technology Project] (Case study about . Development and Pilot Implementation of a test of the Gulper by informal service providers)Neighbourhood Based Pit Emptying Service with Locally Manufactured Handpump Equipment in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. 1988–1992. WASTE Consultants, Gouda, NL.
* Muller, M. and Rijnsburger, J. Oxfam (19942008). MAPET. Manual Pit-latrine Emptying Technology Project. Development andPilot Implementation of a Neighbourhood Based Pit Emptying Service with Locally Manufactured Handpump Equipment in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. 1988–1992. WASTE Consultants, Gouda, NL.:Available at: [http://www.washdocdesludging.org/ Manual Desludging Hand Pump (MDHP) Resources].info washdocOxfam GB, Oxford, UK.info]
* Oxfam (2008)Pickford, J. and Shaw, R. Manual Desludging Hand Pump (MDHP1997) Resources. Oxfam GB, Oxford, UK.:Available at: [httphttps://www.desludgingircwash.org desludging/resources/technical-brief-no-54-emptying-latrine-pits Technical Brief No.org54: Emptying Pit Latrines] (Manual for the MDHP). WEDC, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK.
===Acknowledgements===
{{:Acknowledgements Sanitation}}
