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Hand auger - general

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[[Image:drilling icon.png|right|80px]]
[[Image:Auger drilling in action.jpg|thumb|right|200px| Auger drilling in action]]
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The hand auger is suitable for unconsolidated formations: sand, silt and soft clay. Stiff clays, hard materials and gravels are difficult or impossible to drill through and to remove (unless augering is combined with [[percussion - general|percussion]]).
Another option is to use the well casing used as support for the borehole as the permanent casing (direct installation), although in that case a gravel pack can not be used.
===Suitable conditions===
[[Image:Auger drilling in temporary casing1.jpg|thumb|right|200px| Auger drilling in temporary casing]]
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===Construction, operations and maintenance===
It takes quite some expertise to drill a completely straight borehole.
* The tools for Hand augering can be made in local workshops.
* Chafagane Maiga (S/C BP: 10988 Niamey, Niger, Tel: +227 96 53 18 88) - Light and effective hand auger equipment.
* [httphttps://wwwen.eijkelkamp.nl com/ Eijkelkamp Agrisearch Equipment] - Drilling equipment and manuals on hand auger and percussion gouges.* [http://www.reekumvrm.nl / Van Reekum Materials] - Drilling equipment, hand auger and percussion drilling.
[[Image:Different bailers and augers.jpg|thumb|right|200px| Different bailers and augers]]
===Field experiences===
The hand auger is widely used in Niger, Chad, Senegal, The Gambia, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Nigeria, Central America and western countries.
===Manuals, videos, and links===* Julien Labas and Robert Vuik, [http://www.practicaunicef.org/wp-content/uploads/services/publications/drilling%20manualswash/ENfiles/Auger%20manual%20drilling%20PRACTICA%20EN05.pdf Augering: Manual Drilling Series. TECHNICAL TRAINING HANDBOOK ON AFFORDABLE MANUAL WELL DRILLING]. Practica Foundation. June 2010. French version: [http://www.practica.org/wp-content/uploads/services/publications/drilling%20manuals/FR/Auger%20manual%20drilling%20PRACTICA%20FR.pdf LA TARIERE MANUELLE: Série forage manuel].
* Jonathan Naugle, [http://www.enterpriseworks.org/pubs/Hand%20Augered%20Wells-color.pdf Hand Augered Garden Wells]. Lutheran World Relief, third edition 1996. This is a manual on hand augering, well construction, and manufacturing tools.
* Carter, R. C. (2005) [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/resources/details/402 Human-Powered Drilling Technologies]. An overview of human-powered drilling technologies for shallow, small diameter well construction and domestic or agricultural water supply]. Silsoe College, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, UK.
* [https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/bitstreamhandle/1826/3038/1/Private%20Sector%20Participation%20in%20Low%20Cost%20Water%20Well%20Drilling-2001.pd Private Sector Participation in Low Cost Water Well Drilling]. Cranfield University, 2001. Article on private sector participation in low cost water well drilling in Africa.
* Rural Water Supply Network - Useful network and website for information and downloads related to Rural Water Technologies - [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/implementation/manual-drilling Hand drilled wells]. General [http://www.rural-water-supply.net website].
* [http://www.unicef.org/wash/files/Wat_e.pdf A Water Handbook, Technical Guidelines Series]. UNICEF, 1999. Programming and implementation.
* [httphttps://www.wateraiddropbox.orgcom/documentss/plugin_documentsdc2lhxx7p657i2v/technology_notes_2008WaterAid_technology_notes.pdf ?dl=0 Technology notes, section 7: Tube wells and boreholes]. WaterAid. An overview of human-powered drilling technologies. Website of [http://www.wateraid.org/uk Wateraid.org].
* Water for the World, Technical note series rws 2, USAID 1982 - Technical notes on methods of developing of groundwater, manual drilling techniques. [http://www.lifewater.org/resources/ground_water.html Website Livewater International].
* [http://www.paulsawyersnavybmr.com/pdfsstudy%20material/14080a/FM_5_48414080A_ch9.pdf Multi-service procedures for well-drilling operations]. US Military. Alternative well construction and manual drilling techniques.
=== Acknowledgements===
* The basis for the material on this page was obtained from a desk study shortly to be published on the website of the [http://www.practicafoundation.nl/ Practica Foundation], and from the [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/ Rural Water Supply Network], and specifically its [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/implementation/manual-drilling manual drilling section].
* [http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/resources/technical-briefs/43-simple-drilling-methods.pdf 43. Simple drilling methods.] WEDC.
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