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Hand auger - general

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{{Language-box|english_link= Hand auger - general | french_link= Coming soon | spanish_link= Coming soon | hindi_link= Coming soon | malayalam_link= Coming soon | tamil_link= Coming soon | korean_link= Coming soon | chinese_link=手钻-常规 | indonesian_link= Coming soon | japanese_link= Coming soon }}[[Image:drilling icon.png|right|80px]][[Image:Auger drilling in action.jpg|thumb|right|250px200px| Auger drilling in action]]__NOTOC__
The hand auger is suitable for unconsolidated formations: sand, silt and soft clay. Stiff clays, hard materials and gravels are difficult or impossible to drill through and to remove (unless augering is combined with [[percussion - general|percussion]]).
Another option is to use the well casing used as support for the borehole as the permanent casing (direct installation), although in that case a gravel pack can not be used.
===Suitable conditions===[[Image:Auger drilling in temporary casing1.jpg|thumb|right|250px200px| Auger drilling in temporary casing]]
Augers can be used up to a depth of about 15-25 meters, depending on the geology.
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center"
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! width="50%" style="background:#efefef;" | Advantages
! style="background:#ffdeadf0f8ff;" | Disadvantages
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| valign="top" | - Easy to use above the groundwater table
|}
===Construction, operations and maintenance===
It takes quite some expertise to drill a completely straight borehole.
* The tools for Hand augering can be made in local workshops.
* Chafagane Maiga (S/C BP: 10988 Niamey, Niger, Tel: +227 96 53 18 88) - Light and effective hand auger equipment.
* [https://en.eijkelkamp.com/ Eijkelkamp Agrisearch Equipment ] - Drilling equipment and manuals on hand auger and percussion gouges - .* [http://www.eijkelkampvrm.nl* / Van Reekum Materials ] - Drilling equipment, hand auger and percussion drilling - http://www.reekum.nl[[Image:Different bailers and augers.jpg|thumb|right|300px200px| Different bailers and augers]]
==Costs=Field experiences===The hand auger is widely used in Niger, Chad, Senegal, The Gambia, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Nigeria, Central America and western countries.
==Field experiences=Manuals, videos and links===The hand auger is widely used in Niger* Julien Labas and Robert Vuik, Chad, Senegal, The Gambia, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Nigeria, Central America and western countries[http://www.unicef.org/wash/files/05.pdf Augering: Manual Drilling Series. TECHNICAL TRAINING HANDBOOK ON AFFORDABLE MANUAL WELL DRILLING]. Practica Foundation. June 2010. French version: [http://www.practica.org/wp-content/uploads/services/publications/drilling%20manuals/FR/Auger%20manual%20drilling%20PRACTICA%20FR.pdf LA TARIERE MANUELLE: Série forage manuel].
==Reference manuals* Jonathan Naugle, videos, and links==* [http://www.enterpriseworks.org/pubs/Hand%20Augered%20Wells-color.pdf Hand Augered Garden Wells, Jonathan Naugle, ]. Lutheran World Relief, third edition 1996. Manual This is a manual on Hand hand augering, well construction, and manufacturing tools. [http://www.rwsn.ch/documentation/skatdocumentation.2005-11-15.6625703604/file Download (text only)]
* [http://www.lifewater.ca/download/Lifewater_Drilling_Manual_2004.pdf Drilling & well construction reference manual, ]. Lifewater Canada, update 2004. Internet This is a manual on hydrogeology, well construction, all drilling techniques, hand pumps and more. [http://www.lifewater.ca/download/Lifewater_Drilling_Manual_2004.pdf Download manual]. Other information can be found on the [http://www.lifewater.ca/ Website website of Livewater].
* Self-help wellsKoegel, R.G. Koegel, FAO (1985. Internet manual on hydrogeology, well constructions), all drilling techniques - [http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5567E/x5567e00X5567E00.HTM websitehtm Self Help Wells, FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper]. FAO, Rome.
* Human-Powered Drilling Technologies, Richard Carter, Cranfield University, R. C. (2005 - An overview of human-powered drilling technologies - ) [http://www.rwsnrural-water-supply.chnet/documentationen/skatdocumentationresources/details/402 Human-Powered Drilling Technologies].2005An overview of human-11-15powered drilling technologies for shallow, small diameter well construction and domestic or agricultural water supply].5533687184/file Download]Silsoe College, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, UK.
* '[https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/3038 Private Sector Participation in Low Cost Water Well Drilling', ]. Cranfield University, 2001. Article on private sector participation in low cost water well drilling in Africa. [https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/bitstream/1826/3038/1/Private%20Sector%20Participation%20in%20Low%20Cost%20Water%20Well%20Drilling-2001.pdf Download].
* Rural Water Supply Network - Useful network and website for information and downloads related to Rural Water Technologies - [http://www.rwsn.ch/prarticle.2005rural-10water-25supply.9856177177net/prarticle.2005-10-26.7220595116en/implementation/prarticle.2005-11manual-15.6127855822 drilling Hand drilled wells]. General [http://www.rwsnrural-water-supply.ch net website].
* Peter Wurzel, [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/resources/details/148 Drilling Boreholes for Hand pumps]. Skat, Peter Wurzel, SKAT Switzerland, 2001 - . A book on hydrogeology, well construction, drilling techniques, well development - [http://www.skat.ch/publications/prarticle.2005-09-29.5069774463/prarticle.2006-11-02.5180575226/skatpublication.2006-11-02.0404244520/file Download]. Website of [http://www.skat.ch SKAT]
* Low-cost shallow tube well construction in West Africa, M. Sonau, FAO - An overview of shallow tube well drilling techniques - [http://www.fao.org/docrep/w7314e/w7314e0v.htm website Low-cost shallow tube well construction in West Africa]. FAO - An overview of shallow tube well drilling techniques. Website of [http://www.fao.org/documents/ FAO documents].
* Technical note 43. Simple drilling methods, Bob Elson and Rod Shaw, WEDC - An overview of simple drilling methods [http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/resources/technical-briefs/43-simple-drilling-methods.pdf DownloadTechnical note 43. Simple drilling methods]. WEDC. An overview of simple drilling methods. Website of [http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/resources/technical-briefs/ Loughborough University Technical Briefs section]. Website of [http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/ Loughborough University WELLS].
* A Water Handbook, Technical Guidelines Series, UNICEF, 1999 - Programming and implementation. [http://www.unicef.org/wash/files/Wat_e.pdf Download A Water Handbook, Technical Guidelines Series]. UNICEF, 1999. Programming and implementation.
* [https://www.dropbox.com/s/dc2lhxx7p657i2v/WaterAid_technology_notes.pdf?dl=0 Technology notes, section 7; : Tube wells and boreholes, ]. WaterAid - . An overview of human-powered drilling technologies. [http://www.wateraid.org/documents/plugin_documents/technology_notes_2008.pdf Download]. Website of [http://www.wateraid.org/uk Wateraid.org].
* Water for the World, Technical note series rws 2, USAID 1982 - Technical notes on methods of developing of groundwater, manual drilling techniques. [http://www.lifewater.org/resources/ground_water.html Website Livewater International].
* [http://navybmr.com/study%20material/14080a/14080A_ch9.pdf Multi-service procedures for well-drilling operations, field manual chapter 9, ]. US Military Chapter 9, alternative . Alternative well construction, and manual drilling techniques - [http://www.paulsawyers.com/pdfs/FM_5_484.pdf Download]. 
=== Acknowledgements===* The basis for the material on this page was obtained from a desk study shortly to be published on the website of the [http://www.practicafoundation.nl/ Practica Foundation], and from the [http://www.rwsnrural-water-supply.chnet/ Rural Water Supply Network], and specifically its [http://www.rwsn.ch/prarticle.2005rural-10water-25supply.9856177177net/prarticle.2005-10-26.7220595116en/implementation/prarticle.2005manual-11-15.6127855822 drilling manual drilling section].
* [http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/resources/technical-briefs/43-simple-drilling-methods.pdf 43. Simple drilling methods.] WEDC.
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