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Described here are actual cases in Ethiopia, India and Kenya. The experiences that are used here are drawn from the SPA, ISSUE-2 and FINISH programmes. Both the SPA and ISSUE-2 programmes had multiple objectives, financing being one of these. In the case of FINISH, financial inclusion is one of the two key objectives. The other being improved sanitation and densities of the same leading to better community health. In practical terms this implies that more quantitative data will be available from FINISH.
Many of the sanitation programmes including those above run on two premises:<br>
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In this paper we describeis described: (1) the possible role of micro insurance in development in general and in sanitation in particular; (2) the micro insurance work that we had done completed under FINISH, and (3) what we see as insights into the way forward particularly in relation to , regarding the FINISH programme in Kenya. This paper is the most difficult of the financing sanitation papers as we have experienced a the journey has been rough and as of yet incomplete journey to achieve our objective of in linking micro insurance to sanitation. Particularly as healthcare products limited to hospitalization somehow did not meet the FINISH requirements adequately. On the positive side, DGIS has been very supportive in our quest continuing to try to make this vital link and we are not easily giving up on this ourselves.
====Micro insurance====
Microinsurance has a special place in financial inclusion as it protects wealth of low income people against specific perils in exchange for regular payments (premium) proportionate to the likelihood and cost of risk involved. It does this through sharing the risk in the target market so that premiums remain affordable yet equitable. In general, insurance is administered in two ways: Retailing retailing individual insurance or through group insurance schemes. Both have their own nuances and their relative advantages and disadvantages.
'''Entire Paper Download''': [http://waste.nl/en/product/deepening-financial-inclusion Deepening Financial Inclusion: The potential role of micro insurance in driving sanitation]
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In this paper, we deal with the cost of sanitation and compare it is compared to an alternative asset investment option: a (low cost) motorcycle.
====The cheap Motorcycle Index====
One of the most common means of transport in for instance Kenya or Uganda is a motor cyclemotorcycle. In view of its affordability, Chinese motorcycles have become the standard in Africa. With a given manufacturing cost in China and a known cost in shipping, local sales prices are an indicator of the state of the local economy. The resale value of the motorcycles is - just as in the case of sanitation systems - quite low. SoTherefore, against this we are formulating our hypothesis: if your sanitation system (barring the arborloo and toilets linked to a biogas system) is half or less of the cost of a motorcycle, the sanitation system is well priced. Or, in other words, if two sanitation systems cost more than one cheap motorcycle, the emphasis needs to be on lowering the cost of the sanitation systems per se.
Chances are that:
# profit margins are excessive.
This comparison offers a basic, though practical , tool to evaluate costing.
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