<small{{Language-title /> __NOTOC__box|english_link=Drilling or digging |french_link=Forage ou excavation |spanish_link=Coming soon|hindi_link=Coming soon|malayalam_link=Coming soon|tamil_link=Coming soon | korean_link=Coming soon | chinese_link=钻井或挖掘井 | indonesian_link=Coming soon | japanese_link=Coming soon}}
Access to groundwater is not always easy, so many different types of drilling mechanisms (ranging in depth capacity and costs) are covered in this section. Africa, for example, is said to have rich amounts of groundwater, as compared with other continents. That said, machine-drilled wells are often too expensive for most of the population. Drilling ‘shallow’ wells (up to 35 meter depth) by hand, reduces the price of a well by a factor 4 to 10 compared to a machine-drilled borehole. This cost reduction enables NGOs and Governments to construct more water wells, but also ‘opens the door’ to villagers, farmers, schools and small communities to have a well constructed independently through the private sector.
<div style=" background-color: #efefef; text-align: center; -moz-border-radius: 2px; -webkit-border-radius: 2px; border: 2px 5px solid #dedede; padding: 3px5px;" >{|cellpadding="25" cellspacing="0" width="100%"
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|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:drilling_icon.png|center|80px|link=Hand auger - general]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:drilling_icon.png|center|80px|link=Hand auger - Vonder rig]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:drilling_icon.png|center|80px|link=Hand auger - driven wells]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:drilling_icon.png|center|80px|link=Percussion - general]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:icon_stonehammer.png|center|80px|link=Percussion - Stone hammer]]|-|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Auger_drilling.jpg|center|120px100px|link=Hand auger - general]] |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Vonder_rig.jpg|center|120px100px|link=Hand auger - Vonder rig]] |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Point_and_well.jpg|center|120px100px|link=Hand auger - driven wells]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Percussion_drilling.jpg|center|120px100px|link=Percussion - generaldrilling]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Stone_hammer_well drilling.PNG|center|120px100px|link=Percussion - Stone hammer]]
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|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Hand auger - general]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Hand auger - Vonder rig]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Hand auger - driven wells|Hand auger -<br>driven wells]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Percussion - generaldrilling]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Percussion - Stone hammer| Percussion -<br>Stone hammer]]</div>
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|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Jetting icon.png|center|80px|link=Jetting - general]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Icon_EMAS_drilling.png|center|80px|link=Jetting - EMAS method]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Jetting icon.png|center|80px|link=Jetting - Engine powered rotary jetting]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Icon_sludge.png|center|80px|link=Sludging - Rota sludge]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Icon_sludge.png|center|80px|link=Sludging - Baptist method]]|-|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Manually_rotated jetting small.jpg|center|120px100px|link=Jetting - general]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Emas drilling small.jpg|center|120px100px|link=Jetting - EMAS method]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:jetting engine small.jpg|center|120px100px|link=Jetting - Engine powered rotary jetting]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Rota_sludge small.jpg|center|120px100px|link=Sludging - Rota sludge]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Baptist drilling small.jpg|center|120px100px|link=Sludging - Baptist method]]
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|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Jetting - general]]</div>
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|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Icon_sludge.png|center|80px|link=Sludging - Asian sludge]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:traditional hand dug well.png|center|80px|link=Traditional hand-dug wells]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:infiltration wells.png|center|80px|link=Infiltration wells]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:riverbed hand dug well.png|center|80px|link=Riverbed hand-dug wells]] |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:riverbed jetted and driven wells.png|center|80px|link=Riverbed jetted and driven wells]]|-|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Asian sludge small.jpg|center|120px100px|link=Sludging - Asian sludge]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:HandDugWell small.jpg|center|120px100px|link=Traditional hand-dug wells]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Infiltration_well small.JPG|center|120px100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Infiltration wells]] |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Riverbed Well small.jpg|center|120px100px|link=Riverbed hand-dug wells]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:jetted driven well point small.jpg|center|120px100px|link=Riverbed jetted and driven wells]]
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|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Sludging - Asian sludge]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Traditional hand-dug wells]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Infiltration wells | Infiltration wells]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Riverbed hand-dug wells]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Riverbed jetted and driven wells|Riverbed jetted <br>and driven wells]]</div>
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|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:rooted reservoir well.png|center|80px|link=Rooted Reservoir Well]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:bamboo screens icon.png|center|80px|link=Bamboo screens]]|style="background:#efefef;"||style="background:#efefef;"||style="background:#efefef;"||-|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:refilled well small.jpg|center|120px100px|link=Rooted Reservoir Well]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Bamboo_screens small.jpg|center|120px100px|link=Bamboo screens]]
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* VIDEO: [http://www.thewaterchannel.tv/index.php?option=com_hwdvideoshare&task=viewvideo&Itemid=4&video_id=611 media-gallery/641-manual-drilling-and-pump-installation-madagascar Manual drilling and pump installation, Madagascar] by The Water Channel.
* [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/resources/details/402 Human-Powered Drilling Technologies], Richard Carter, Cranfield University, 2005.
* [http://www.hydrology.nl/images/docs/ihp/nl/cop15/2_Richard_Taylor.pdf Groundwater and climate change in Africa: The Kampala Statement.] Richard Taylor, University College London (UK), IAH Commission of Groundwater & Climate Change.
