<small{{Language-title /> __NOTOC__box|english_link=Drilling or digging |french_link=Forage ou excavation |spanish_link=Coming soon|hindi_link=Coming soon|malayalam_link=Coming soon|tamil_link=Coming soon | korean_link=Coming soon | chinese_link=钻井或挖掘井 | indonesian_link=Coming soon | japanese_link=Coming soon}}
Access to groundwater is not always easy, so many different types of drilling mechanisms (ranging in depth capacity and costs) are covered in this section. Africa, for example, is said to have rich amounts of groundwater, as compared with other continents. That said, machine-drilled wells are often too expensive for most of the population. Drilling ‘shallow’ wells (up to 35 meter depth) by hand, reduces the price of a well by a factor 4 to 10 compared to a machine-drilled borehole. This cost reduction enables NGOs and Governments to construct more water wells, but also ‘opens the door’ to villagers, farmers, schools and small communities to have a well constructed independently through the private sector.
<div style=" background-color: #efefef; text-align: center; -moz-border-radius: 2px; -webkit-border-radius: 2px; border: 2px 5px solid #dedede; padding: 3px5px;" >{|cellpadding="25" cellspacing="0" width="100%"
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|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:drilling_icon.png|center|80px|link=Hand auger - general]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:drilling_icon.png|center|80px|link=Hand auger - Vonder rig]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:drilling_icon.png|center|80px|link=Hand auger - driven wells]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:drilling_icon.png|center|80px|link=Percussion - general]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:icon_stonehammer.png|center|80px|link=Percussion - Stone hammer]]|-|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Auger_drilling.jpg|center|120px100px|link=Hand auger - general]] |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Vonder_rig.jpg|center|120px100px|link=Hand auger - Vonder rig]] |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Point_and_well.jpg|center|120px100px|link=Hand auger - driven wells]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Percussion_drilling.jpg|center|120px100px|link=Percussion - generaldrilling]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Stone_hammer_well drilling.PNG|center|120px100px|link=Percussion - Stone hammer]]
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|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Hand auger - general]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Hand auger - Vonder rig]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Hand auger - driven wells|Hand auger -<br>driven wells]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Percussion - generaldrilling]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Percussion - Stone hammer| Percussion -<br>Stone hammer]]</div>
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|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Jetting icon.png|center|80px|link=Jetting - general]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Icon_EMAS_drilling.png|center|80px|link=Jetting - EMAS method]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Jetting icon.png|center|80px|link=Jetting - Engine powered rotary jetting]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Icon_sludge.png|center|80px|link=Sludging - Rota sludge]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Icon_sludge.png|center|80px|link=Sludging - Baptist method]]|-|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Manually_rotated jetting small.jpg|center|120px100px|link=Jetting - general]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Emas drilling small.jpg|center|120px100px|link=Jetting - EMAS method]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:jetting engine small.jpg|center|120px100px|link=Jetting - Engine powered rotary jetting]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Rota_sludge small.jpg|center|120px100px|link=Sludging - Rota sludge]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Baptist drilling small.jpg|center|120px100px|link=Sludging - Baptist method]]
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|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Jetting - general]]</div>
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|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Icon_sludge.png|center|80px|link=Sludging - Asian sludge]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:traditional hand dug well.png|center|80px|link=Traditional hand-dug wells]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:infiltration wells.png|center|80px|link=Infiltration wells]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:riverbed hand dug well.png|center|80px|link=Riverbed hand-dug wells]] |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:riverbed jetted and driven wells.png|center|80px|link=Riverbed jetted and driven wells]]|-|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Asian sludge small.jpg|center|120px100px|link=Sludging - Asian sludge]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:HandDugWell small.jpg|center|120px100px|link=Traditional hand-dug wells]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Infiltration_well small.JPG|center|120px100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Infiltration wells]] |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Riverbed Well small.jpg|center|120px100px|link=Riverbed hand-dug wells]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:jetted driven well point small.jpg|center|120px100px|link=Riverbed jetted and driven wells]]
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|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Sludging - Asian sludge]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Traditional hand-dug wells]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Infiltration wells | Infiltration wells]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Riverbed hand-dug wells]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Riverbed jetted and driven wells|Riverbed jetted <br>and driven wells]]</div>
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|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:rooted reservoir well.png|center|80px|link=Rooted Reservoir Well]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:bamboo screens icon.png|center|80px|link=Bamboo screens]]|style="background:#efefef;"||style="background:#efefef;"||style="background:#efefef;"||-|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:refilled well small.jpg|center|120px100px|link=Rooted Reservoir Well]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Bamboo_screens small.jpg|center|120px100px|link=Bamboo screens]]
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===Field experiences===
These projects are may be utilizing rainwater harvesting techniques manual digging or drilling and are part of the project listing in [http://akvo.org/blog/akvo-really-simple-reporting-rsp/ Really Simple Reporting (RSR) ] on [http://www.akvo.org Akvo.org].
{{RSR_table{| style1image=rsr 703.jpg|1link="widthhttp: 70%; text//rsr.akvo.org/project/703/ |1project#=703|1project name=MWA-alignLAP: justify; background-color<br>Mexico||2image=rsr 727.jpg|2link=http: //rsr.akvo.org/project/727/|2project#f5f5f5;"=727|2project name=TESO North School and Community WASH Project||[[Image3image=rsr 397.jpg|3link=http://rsr 476.akvo.org/project/397/ |3project#=397|3project name=Eau Hygiène et Assainissement||4image=rsr 401.jpg|thumb4link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/401/ |4project#=401|none4project name=Eau, hygiène et assainissement|200px|5image=rsr 473.jpg|5link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/473/ |5project#=473|5project name=Project <font sizebr>Water4Tomorrow|}}{{RSR_table|1image=project 922.png |1link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/922/ |1project#=922 |1project name="2">WaterAid Rural <centerbr>WASH Project 476<||2image=project 529.png |2link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/529/ |2project#=529 |2project name=Water Sanitation and Hygiene Project ||3image=project 788.jpg |3link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/788/center>|3project#=788 |3project name=MWA-LAP: </fontbr>]]Nicaragua ||'''Akvo RSR Project4image=project 388.jpg |4link=http:''' [//rsr.akvo.org//project/388/ |4project#=388 |4project name=WASH Alliance project, AMREF in Ethiopia ||5image=project 822.png |5link=http://wwwrsr.akvo.org/project/822/ |5project#=822 |5project name=Urban WASH II <br>in Monrovia |}}{{RSR_table|1image=project 933.png |1link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/476933/ Ensure access to safe water |1project#=933 |1project name=Accelerating Sanitation and sanitation]Water for All 1 |Salinity, arsenic, lack of proper IWRM, and incidence of natural disasters in the three districts of the Southwest coastal belt of Bangladesh cause a lot of socioeconomic and health related problems|2image=project 1112.png |2link=http://rsr.akvo. The programme is right-based and strengthens knowledge and capacity of community org/project/1112/ |2project#=1112 |2project name=Child Friendly <br>School WASH groups as well as local government institutionsProject II ||3image=project 1366. As problems are multifaceted, the programme uses a multi-pronged strategy png |3link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/1366/ |3project#=1366 |3project name=Rural Boreholes and facilitates partnership with existing institutional stakeholders relevant for WASH sectorRehabilitation 1 ||4image=project 1367.png |4link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/1367/ |4project#=1367 |4project name=Panta District <br>Rural Water Project 1 ||5image=project 1374.png |5link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/1374/ |5project#=1374 |5project name=Integrated Community Water and Hygiene |}}<br>
===Manual drilling comparison of methods===
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* VIDEO: [http://www.thewaterchannel.tv/index.php?option=com_hwdvideoshare&task=viewvideo&Itemid=4&video_id=611 media-gallery/641-manual-drilling-and-pump-installation-madagascar Manual drilling and pump installation, Madagascar] by The Water Channel.
* [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/resources/details/402 Human-Powered Drilling Technologies], Richard Carter, Cranfield University, 2005.
* [http://www.hydrology.nl/images/docs/ihp/nl/cop15/2_Richard_Taylor.pdf Groundwater and climate change in Africa: The Kampala Statement.] Richard Taylor, University College London (UK), IAH Commission of Groundwater & Climate Change.
