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[[Image:Total_Sanitation.png|thumb|right|200px| Screenshot from the movie [http://www.wateraid.org/uk/about_us/newsroom/6613.asp#watch Ten steps to total sanitation], produced by WaterAid.]]
[[Image:comm led 2.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Community members from a small village in Nepal receive an award for achieving the “open defecation free status” after a successful CLTS Campaign. <br>Photo: [http://www.sswm.info/category/planning-process-tools/programming-and-planning-frameworks/frameworks-and-approaches/sani-1 SSWM]]]
'Total Sanitation' refers to 100% sanitation coverage in a target area, usually through a combination of awareness raising and affordable sanitation options.
===Advantages===
There are two important realizations which are at the center of the Community-Led Total Sanitation approach. The first is that merely providing toilets does not guarantee their use, and does not automatically result in improved sanitation behaviour. Projects that started with prescribed high sanitation standards and subsidies have often led do uneven adoption, problems with sustainability, and partial use. Using subsidies as an incentive also can lead to a culture of dependence on subsidies.
Community-Led Total Sanitation, if successful, triggers the community's desire to change and stimulates them to act. This leads to better ownership of the solutions, and greater sustainablity.
===Description of the Approach===
A movie of the process by WaterAid describes the process in the following steps<ref>
http://www.wateraid.org/uk/about_us/newsroom/6613.asp#watch Ten steps to total sanitation, animation produced by WaterAid.
* Step 10: The community is awarded defecation free status and a sign is erected at the beginning of the village.
===Potential===
Community-Led Total Sanitation can be very effective in achieving better sanitation and hygiene behaviour. However, the uptake of the approach can be difficult, for example because the shift away from subsidies sometimes requires a different mindset. Good management and support are needed for organizations that support the communities. The approach has both been used by small NGO programmes and by large scale governmental programmes. In some cases, problems with monitoring, mediation and the supply chain exist, and it is unclear which mix of approaches is most effective.
Community-Led Total Sanitation can be a very good starting point for other community action activities, as it mobilizes the community towards common action. As sanitation interventions have immediate health benefits, this demonstrates the power of collective action, which builds confidence in the community to undertake other developmental projects as well.
===Field experiences===
Community-Led Total Sanitation was first pioneered in Bangladesh in 1999 by Kamal Kar (see external links for a list of his articles on the subject), and since then has been widely adopted in that country in in others, particularly in South and Southeast Asia. The approach is also being used in Africa, notably in Uganda and Zambia.<ref>
http://www.ids.ac.uk/ids/bookshop/wp/wp257.pdf Kar, Kamal and Pasteur, Katherine (2005). Subsidy of Self-Respect? Community-Led Total Sanitation. An Update on Recent Developments. IDS Working Paper, 68 pages.
{{RSR_table|style1image="width: 70%; text-align: justify; background-color: #f5f5f5;" |[[Image:rsr project 768.jpg|thumb|none|200px|<font size="2"><center>Project 768</center></font>|link1link=http://wwwrsr.akvo.org/rsr/project/768/]]|1project#=768 |1project name=Coastal area Water, Sanitation and Hygiene ||'''Akvo RSR Project:''' [2image=project 533.jpg |2link=http://wwwrsr.akvo.org/rsr/project/768533/ Coastal area Water, Sanitation and Hygiene]The project will provide communication support (planning, producing materials, support in dissemination) to field partners towards effective communication to reach target population with Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Education messages and improve |2project#=533 |2project name=Support on WASH practices in the target areas.: Miyo woreda |} {|style3image="width: 70%; text-align: justify; background-color: #f5f5f5;" project 351.jpg |[[Image3link=http://rsr 533.jpgakvo.org/project/351/ |thumb3project#=351 |none3project name=Cost effective means of financing WASH |200px|<font size4image="2"><center>Project 533</center></font>project 387.jpg |link4link=http://wwwrsr.akvo.org/rsr/project/533387/]]|4project#=387 |4project name=Upscaling sanitation with community credit ||'''Akvo RSR Project:''' [5image=project 459.jpg |5link=http://wwwrsr.akvo.org/rsr/project/533459/ Support on WASH of communities in Miyo woreda]The project |5project#=459 |5project name is Local Capacity Building Support on WASH Practices of Pastoral =Upscaling CLTS for Healthy Communities in Miyo with the project budget of 74,561.21 (53,303.20 and 21258 Euro to be raised from RAIN and ICCO). It has a total beneficiaries of 3168 (1528 F) people residing in target kebeles of Miyo Woreda. It has project period of one year, July 2012 - February 2013.||}}{{RSR_table {|style1image="width: 70%; text-align: justify; background-color: #f5f5f5;" project 456.jpg |[[Image1link=http://rsr 351.jpgakvo.org/project/456/ |thumb1project#=456 |none1project name=Partnership in WASH services delivery |200px|<font size2image="2"><center>Project 351</center></font>project 462.jpg |link2link=http://wwwrsr.akvo.org/rsr/project/351462/]]|2project#=462 |2project name=Northern Region WASH Programme ||'''Akvo RSR Project:''' [3image=project 386.jpg |3link=http://wwwrsr.akvo.org/rsr/project/351386/ Cost effective means of financing WASH]Wuzda have considered water as a right for every person to access as a basic necessity. The Tamale rural has attracted 8.13% for a population of 61,175. Although Tamale is a metropolitan area but it has almost the same features as many districts in the region. Many districts in the region by coverage have attracted up to between 37% -94% water sanitation and hygiene facilities. Therefore we need to plan with the Tamale metropolitan Assembly to serve the deprived communities. |} {3project#=386 |style3project name="width: 70%; textScaling-align: justify; background-color: #f5f5f5;" up using CLTS in Kenya ||[[Image:rsr 3874image=project 789.jpg|thumb|none|200px|<font size="2"><center>Project 387</center></font>|link4link=http://wwwrsr.akvo.org/rsr/project/387789/]]|4project#=789 |4project name=MWA-LAP: <br>Colombia ||'''Akvo RSR Project:''' [5image=project 600.jpg |5link=http://wwwrsr.akvo.org/rsr/project/387600/ Upscaling sanitation with community credit]This project will be implemented by INTAGRAD in 20 communities the Nanumba South |5project#=600 |5project name=Community-led WASH and Nanumba North districts in the Northern Region of Ghana. Key words are: Direct service delivery, Credit delivery, stakeholder collaboration, and local level advocacy activities. This project also serves to further pilot, optimize and upscale an innovative financial mechanism, in which credits for household latrines are organized through a community based approach involving banks.Safe Motherhood ||}}{{RSR_table {|style1image="width: 70%; text-align: justify; background-color: #f5f5f5;" project 361.png |[[Image1link=http://rsr 459.jpgakvo.org//project/361/ |thumb1project#=361 |none1project name=Improving Communal Health Through WASH |200px|<font size2image="2"><center>Project 459</center></font>project 810.png |link2link=http://wwwrsr.akvo.org/rsr/project/459810/]]|2project#=810 |2project name=Improved Water Sanitation and Hygiene ||'''Akvo RSR Project:''' [3image=project 488.png |3link=http://wwwrsr.akvo.org/rsr/project/459488/ Upscaling CLTS for Healthy Communities]The project seeks to provide women, girls and basic schools within communities in the Karaga District with good drinking water through rainwater harvesting, improvement of conventional sources and sanitation services and information. Capacity trainings are also targeted at the women to demystify construction processes to increase participation of the women with construction and repair to make outcomes more sustainable.|} {3project#=488 |style3project name="width: 70%; textCommunity-align: justify; background-color: #f5f5f5;" based WASH Project in Nepal ||[[Image:rsr 4564image=project 922.jpg|thumbpng |none|200px|<font size="2"><center>Project 456</center></font>|link4link=http://wwwrsr.akvo.org/rsr/project/456922/]]|4project#=922 |4project name=WaterAid Rural <br>WASH Project ||'''Akvo RSR Project:''' [5image=project 933.png |5link=http://wwwrsr.akvo.org/rsr/project/456933/ Partnership in WASH services delivery]This project increases access to |5project#=933 |5project name=Accelerating Sanitation and use of sustainable water, sanitation and hygiene services in 10 communities in the Central Gonja District of Northern region. The strategy is a programmatic approach involving several partners, including the public and private sectors. The 'FIETS' principle is the guiding principle to ensure sustainability of all interventions. Focus will also be on institutional water and sanitation, and at the community level - environmental sanitation.Water for All 1 ||}}
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{|{|style* [http://www.pseau.org/outils/biblio/index.php?d="width: 702756&l=fr&vue_pgm_o_tout=1&motclef%5B%; text-align: justify; background-color: #f5f5f5;" 5D=129&tri1=titre Affiches de sensibilisation Hygiène et Assainissement de Tessaoua]|[[Image:rsr 386pseau.org 3.jpgpng|thumbcenter|none|200px|<font size="2"><center>Project 386</center></font>50px|link=http://www.akvopseau.org/rsroutils/project/386biblio/index.php?d=2756&l=fr&vue_pgm_o_tout=1&motclef%5B%5D=129&tri1=titre]]|'''Akvo RSR Project:''' -|* [http://www.akvopseau.org/rsroutils/projectbiblio/386/ Scaling-up using CLTS in Kenyaindex.php?d=3272&l=fr&vue_pgm_o_tout=1&motclef%5B%5D=129&tri1=titre Avec l'eau, l'hygiène c'est simple!]Six Dutch NGOs with a lot of experience on water, sanitation and hygiene work together in a ‘WASH alliance’|[[Image:pseau.org 4. The WASH alliance is composed of 6 organisations that pool together expertise and provide the opportunity for greater impact in developing countriespng|center|50px|link=http://www. The alliance is set to mobilise and strengthen key actors from civil society and public and private sectorspseau. The WASH alliance also offers local actors to take the lead in the implementation of the programmeorg/outils/biblio/index.php?d=3272&l=fr&vue_pgm_o_tout=1&motclef%5B%5D=129&tri1=titre]]
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* Stefanie Keller, [http://www.sswm.info/category/planning-process-tools/programming-and-planning-frameworks/frameworks-and-approaches/sani-1 Community-Led Total Sanitation]. SSWM.
*[httphttps://www.livelihoodsids.orgac.uk/lessonsprojects/project_summariesgoing-to-scale-the-potential-of-community-led-total-sanitation/san2_projsum.html Going to Scale? The potential of Community-Led Total Sanitation].
*[http://www.communityledtotalsanitation.org/page/clts-approach Community-Led Total Sanitation Website]
*[http://wwwesa.ircun.nlorg/pageiys/25696 docs/san_lib_docs/Scaling%20Up%20Rural%20Saniltation.pdf Scaling-Up Rural sanitation: total sanitation approach no ‘magic bullet’ for Sanitation in South Asia]. IRC news itemLessons Learned from Bangladesh, India, with link to studyand Pakistan. WSP. May 2005.
*[http://www.plan-internationalcommunityledtotalsanitation.org/resourcessites/publicationscommunityledtotalsanitation.org/health/clts_handbookfiles/ cltshandbook.pdf Handbook on Community-Led Total Sanitation]. Plan International (2008).
*[http://www.wateraid.org/uk/about_us/newsroom/6613.asp#watch Ten steps to total sanitation], animation produced by WaterAid. The movie is available on [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sUFe3DBlXhA YouTube], and can be [http://www.wateraid.org/other/video/sanitationanimation.avi downloaded].
*[http://www.ids.ac.uk/ids/bookshop/wp/wp184.pdf Kar, Kamal (2003). Subsidy or Self-respect? Participatory Total Community Sanitation in Bangladesh]. IDS Working Paper, 50 pages.
* Kar, Kamal and Bongartz, Petra (2006). [http://www.livelihoodscommunityledtotalsanitation.org/hot_topicssites/docscommunityledtotalsanitation.org/files/CLTS_update06CLTS_update_for_WP257_0.pdf 'Update on Some Recent Developments in Community-Led Total Sanitation', Update paper on IDS Working Paper 257], Brighton: Institute of Development Studies.
===References===
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