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[[Image:Total_Sanitation.png|thumb|right|200px| Screenshot from the movie [http://www.wateraid.org/uk/about_us/newsroom/6613.asp#watch Ten steps to total sanitation], produced by WaterAid.]]
[[Image:comm led 2.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Community members from a small village in Nepal receive an award for achieving the “open defecation free status” after a successful CLTS Campaign. <br>Photo: [http://www.sswm.info/category/planning-process-tools/programming-and-planning-frameworks/frameworks-and-approaches/sani-1 SSWM]]]
Community-Led Total Sanitation is a way to mobilize a community, with the goal to completely eliminate open defecation in a community area. The community is facilitated to make their own analysis of open defecation and the faecal-oral contamination that it leads to. The aim is to generate a sense of 'shame' and 'disgust' among the members of the community, which mobilizes the community to take their own action to end open defecation, for example through the construction of latrines and changes of sanitation behaviour. Subsidies for hardware are not used.
'Total Sanitation' refers to 100% sanitation coverage in a target area, usually through a combination of awareness raising and affordable sanitation options.
===Advantages===
There are two important realizations which are at the center of the Community-Led Total Sanitation approach. The first is that merely providing toilets does not guarantee their use, and does not automatically result in improved sanitation behaviour. Projects that started with prescribed high sanitation standards and subsidies have often led do uneven adoption, problems with sustainability, and partial use. Using subsidies as an incentive also can lead to a culture of dependence on subsidies.
Community-Led Total Sanitation, if successful, triggers the community's desire to change and stimulates them to act. This leads to better ownership of the solutions, and greater sustainablity.
===Description of the Approach===
A movie of the process by WaterAid describes the process in the following steps<ref>
http://www.wateraid.org/uk/about_us/newsroom/6613.asp#watch Ten steps to total sanitation, animation produced by WaterAid.
* Step 10: The community is awarded defecation free status and a sign is erected at the beginning of the village.
===Potential===
Community-Led Total Sanitation can be very effective in achieving better sanitation and hygiene behaviour. However, the uptake of the approach can be difficult, for example because the shift away from subsidies sometimes requires a different mindset. Good management and support are needed for organizations that support the communities. The approach has both been used by small NGO programmes and by large scale governmental programmes. In some cases, problems with monitoring, mediation and the supply chain exist, and it is unclear which mix of approaches is most effective.
Community-Led Total Sanitation can be a very good starting point for other community action activities, as it mobilizes the community towards common action. As sanitation interventions have immediate health benefits, this demonstrates the power of collective action, which builds confidence in the community to undertake other developmental projects as well.
===Field experiences===
Community-Led Total Sanitation was first pioneered in Bangladesh in 1999 by Kamal Kar (see external links for a list of his articles on the subject), and since then has been widely adopted in that country in in others, particularly in South and Southeast Asia. The approach is also being used in Africa, notably in Uganda and Zambia.<ref>
http://www.ids.ac.uk/ids/bookshop/wp/wp257.pdf Kar, Kamal and Pasteur, Katherine (2005). Subsidy of Self-Respect? Community-Led Total Sanitation. An Update on Recent Developments. IDS Working Paper, 68 pages.
{{RSR_table|1image=project 768.jpg |style1link="width: 70%; text-align: justify; background-colorhttp: //rsr.akvo.org/project/768/ |1project#f5f5f5;" =768 |1project name=Coastal area Water, Sanitation and Hygiene ||[[Image2image=project 533.jpg |2link=http://rsr 768.jpgakvo.org/project/533/ |thumb2project#=533 |none2project name=Support on WASH: Miyo woreda |200px|<font size3image="2"><center>Project 768</center></font>project 351.jpg |link3link=http://wwwrsr.akvo.org/rsr/project/768351/]]|3project#=351 |3project name=Cost effective means of financing WASH ||'''AKVO RSR Project:''' [4image=project 387.jpg |4link=http://wwwrsr.akvo.org/rsr/project/768387/ Coastal area Water, Sanitation and Hygiene]|4project#=387 |4project name=Upscaling sanitation with community credit |The |5image=project will provide communication support (planning, producing materials, support in dissemination) to field partners towards effective communication to reach target population with Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Education messages and improve WASH practices in the target areas459.jpg |5link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/459/ |5project#=459 |5project name=Upscaling CLTS for Healthy Communities ||}}{{RSR_table {|style1image=project 456.jpg |1link="width: 70%; text-align: justify; background-colorhttp: //rsr.akvo.org/project/456/ |1project#f5f5f5;" =456 |1project name=Partnership in WASH services delivery ||[[Image2image=project 462.jpg |2link=http://rsr 533.jpgakvo.org/project/462/ |thumb2project#=462 |none2project name=Northern Region WASH Programme |200px|<font size3image="2"><center>Project 533</center></font>project 386.jpg |link3link=http://wwwrsr.akvo.org/rsr/project/533386/]]|3project#=386 |3project name=Scaling-up using CLTS in Kenya ||'''AKVO RSR Project:''' [4image=project 789.jpg |4link=http://wwwrsr.akvo.org/rsr/project/533789/ Support on WASH of communities in Miyo woreda]|4project#=789 |4project name=MWA-LAP: <br>Colombia |The |5image=project name is Local Capacity Building Support on WASH Practices of Pastoral Communities in Miyo with the project budget of 74,561600.21 (53,303jpg |5link=http://rsr.20 and 21258 Euro to be raised from RAIN and ICCO)akvo. It has a total beneficiaries of 3168 (1528 F) people residing in target kebeles of Miyo Woreda. It has org/project period of one year, July 2012 /600/ |5project#=600 |5project name=Community- February 2013.led WASH and Safe Motherhood ||}}{{RSR_table {|style1image=project 361.png |1link="width: 70%; text-align: justify; background-colorhttp: //rsr.akvo.org//project/361/ |1project#f5f5f5;" =361 |1project name=Improving Communal Health Through WASH ||[[Image2image=project 810.png |2link=http://rsr 351.jpgakvo.org//project/810/ |thumb2project#=810 |none2project name=Improved Water Sanitation and Hygiene |200px|<font size3image="2"><center>Project 351</center></font>project 488.png |link3link=http://wwwrsr.akvo.org/rsr/project/351488/]]|3project#=488 |3project name=Community-based WASH Project in Nepal ||'''AKVO RSR Project:''' [4image=project 922.png |4link=http://wwwrsr.akvo.org/rsr/project/351922/ Cost effective means of financing |4project#=922 |4project name=WaterAid Rural <br>WASH]Project |Wuzda have considered water as a right for every person to access as a basic necessity|5image=project 933. The Tamale rural has attracted 8png |5link=http://rsr.13% for a population of 61,175akvo. Although Tamale is a metropolitan area but it has almost the same features as many districts in the region. Many districts in the region by coverage have attracted up to between 37% -94% water sanitation org/project/933/ |5project#=933 |5project name=Accelerating Sanitation and hygiene facilities. Therefore we need to plan with the Tamale metropolitan Assembly to serve the deprived communities. Water for All 1 ||}}
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{|style|* [http://www.pseau.org/outils/biblio/index.php?d="width: 702756&l=fr&vue_pgm_o_tout=1&motclef%5B%; text-align: justify; background-color: #f5f5f5;" 5D=129&tri1=titre Affiches de sensibilisation Hygiène et Assainissement de Tessaoua]|[[Image:rsr 459pseau.org 3.jpgpng|thumbcenter|none|200px|<font size="2"><center>Project 459</center></font>50px|link=http://www.akvopseau.org/rsroutils/project/459biblio/index.php?d=2756&l=fr&vue_pgm_o_tout=1&motclef%5B%5D=129&tri1=titre]]|'''AKVO RSR Project-|* [http://www.pseau.org/outils/biblio/index.php?d=3272&l=fr&vue_pgm_o_tout=1&motclef%5B%5D=129&tri1=titre Avec l'eau, l'hygiène c' est simple!]|[[Image:pseau.org 4.png|center|50px|link=http://www.akvopseau.org/rsroutils/projectbiblio/459/ Upscaling CLTS for Healthy Communitiesindex.php?d=3272&l=fr&vue_pgm_o_tout=1&motclef%5B%5D=129&tri1=titre]]The project seeks to provide women, girls and basic schools within communities in the Karaga District with good drinking water through rainwater harvesting, improvement of conventional sources and sanitation services and information. Capacity trainings are also targeted at the women to demystify construction processes to increase participation of the women with construction and repair to make outcomes more sustainable.
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* Stefanie Keller, [http://www.sswm.info/category/planning-process-tools/programming-and-planning-frameworks/frameworks-and-approaches/sani-1 Community-Led Total Sanitation]. SSWM.
*[httphttps://www.livelihoodsids.orgac.uk/lessonsprojects/project_summariesgoing-to-scale-the-potential-of-community-led-total-sanitation/san2_projsum.html Going to Scale? The potential of Community-Led Total Sanitation].
*[http://www.communityledtotalsanitation.org/page/clts-approach Community-Led Total Sanitation Website]
*[http://wwwesa.ircun.nlorg/iys/docs/pagesan_lib_docs/25696 Scaling%20Up%20Rural%20Saniltation.pdf Scaling-Up Rural sanitation: total sanitation approach no ‘magic bullet’ for Sanitation in South Asia]. IRC news itemLessons Learned from Bangladesh, with link to study] *[http://wwwIndia, and Pakistan.plan-internationalWSP.org/resources/publications/health/clts_handbook/ Handbook on Community-Led Total SanitationMay 2005. Plan International (2008)]
*[http://www.wateraidcommunityledtotalsanitation.org/uksites/about_uscommunityledtotalsanitation.org/newsroomfiles/6613cltshandbook.asp#watch Ten steps to total sanitation, animation produced by WaterAid.] The movie is available pdf Handbook on [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sUFe3DBlXhA YouTubeCommunity-Led Total Sanitation], and can be [http://www.wateraid.org/other/video/sanitationanimationPlan International (2008).avi downloaded]
*[http://www.ids.acwateraid.org/uk/ids/bookshopabout_us/wpnewsroom/wp1846613.pdf Karasp#watch Ten steps to total sanitation], Kamal (2003)animation produced by WaterAid. Subsidy or Self-respect? Participatory Total Community Sanitation in BangladeshThe movie is available on [http://www. IDS Working Paper, 50 pagesyoutube.com/watch?v=sUFe3DBlXhA YouTube].
*[http://www.livelihoodsids.orgac.uk/ids/hot_topicsbookshop/docswp/CLTS_update06wp184.pdf Kar, Kamal and Bongartz, Petra (20062003) 'Update on Some Recent Developments in Community. Subsidy or Self-Led respect? Participatory Total Community Sanitation', Update paper on in Bangladesh]. IDS Working Paper 257, Brighton: Institute of Development Studies]50 pages.
* Kar, Kamal and Bongartz, Petra (2006). [http://www.communityledtotalsanitation.org/sites/communityledtotalsanitation.org/files/CLTS_update_for_WP257_0.pdf Update on Some Recent Developments in Community-Led Total Sanitation', Update paper on IDS Working Paper 257], Brighton: Institute of Development Studies.
===References===
<references />
