[[Image:Icon boiling1.png|right|80px|]]
[[Image:boiling water.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Boiling water for purification. <br>Photo: [httphttps://kopernik.info/en-us/theblog/201012 Kopernick]]]__NOTOC__ <small-title />
Boiling is considered the world’s oldest, most common, and one of the most effective methods for treating water. If done properly, boiling kills or deactivates all bacteria, viruses, protozoa (including cysts) and helminths that cause diarrheal disease. Pathogens are killed when the temperature reaches 100 degrees Celsius. In high-lying areas, where the boiling temperature of water can be as low as 80 degrees Celcius, a longer boiling time is necessary to kill all pathogens.
* Household Water Treatment Options in Developing Countries: Boiling. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2009). Atlanta, USA.
* Clasen, T. [http://waterinstituteciteseerx.uncist.psu.edu/filesviewdoc/2008_accra/2008Accra_Day1_Clasen-boilingdownload?doi=10.1.1.485.2145&rep=rep1&type=pdf Microbiological effectiveness Effectiveness and cost Cost of boiling to disinfect drinking water: Case studies from Vietnam and Disinfecting Water by Boiling in Semi-urban India]. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 20072008.
* Clasen, T., Thao, D., Boisson, S., et al. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18605541 Microbiological effectiveness and cost of boiling to disinfect drinking water in rural Vietnam]. Environmental Science and Technology; 42(12): 42:55. 2008.
* [http://www.who.int/entity/household_water/resources/emergencies.pdf Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage Following Emergencies and Disasters: South Asia Earthquake and Tsunami]. World Health Organization.
