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屋顶雨水收集

588 bytes added, 23:05, 3 January 2017
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{{Language-box|english_link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Rooftop rainwater harvesting|french_link=coming soonCollecte des eaux de pluie des toits|spanish_link=coming soonCaptación de Agua de Lluvia / Captación de agua de lluvia en techos | hindi_link=वाटर पोर्टल / वर्षाजल संचयन / छत वर्षाजल संचयन |malayalam_link=മേല്‍ക്കൂരയില്‍ നിന്നും മഴവെള്ള സംഭരണം|tamil_link=coming soon|korean_link=coming soon| chinese_link=屋顶雨水收集 | indonesian_link=Pemanenan air hujan dengan teknik atap bangunan |japanese_link=屋上雨水貯留}}
[[Image:Rainwater_harvesting_icon.png|right|100px|]]
[[Image:rooftop rainwater capture.jpg|thumb|right|200px|A rainwater capture system from a small household. Photo: 小型房屋的雨水收集系统。<br>配图：[http://www.jalvardhini.org/storage-01.php Jalvardhini Pratishthan.]]]
雨水收集是指利用如民居或学校这样的建筑收集雨水，并将雨水存储到地下或者地上的蓄水箱里，以供日后使用。收集雨水的方式之一就是屋顶雨水收集。合适的屋顶表面材质有磁砖，金属板，塑料，并配以竹、木、白铁或聚乙烯材质的水槽和落水管来截流雨水，为家庭提供高质量的饮用水。草和棕榈叶铺就的屋顶则不适用此方法。屋顶雨水收集系统可以是一个500立方米容量的地下蓄水箱，可为整个社区提供用水；也可以不用引水槽，只用个水桶，简单地放在屋檐下接水。自古以来，世界各地的人们就已利用雨水收集系统，各种应用实例不胜枚举。
===建造，施工与维护===
[[Image:rooftop catchment.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Rooftop catchment. Drawing: WHO.屋顶集水设施。插图：WHO]]
====集水和蓄水箱====
====EMAS过滤系统====
[[Image:rainwater capture2.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Two houses are connected to a rainwater capture unit, then a spout provided from the tank. Photo: 一套雨水收集系统连接两座房屋，水箱装有水龙头。配图：<br>[http://ispafrica.org/gallery-water.html Insieme Si Puo' in Africa]]]
为了将雨水转化为饮用水，EMAS系统使用了多种不同的EMAS技术，也使用了一些简单的工具。使用过的屋顶雨水可通过普通排水沟进行收集。排水沟的底部可放置带有排出管的灌渗罐或钢丝网水泥箱来对水流进行过滤。在灌渗罐的边缘，用铁环或铁丝固定一个大小刚好的人造纤维布袋。这个袋子需要每3个月清理一次。
— 培训当地技工如何进行大的维修。<br>
[[File:OandM.jpg|thumb|none|500px| Chart: WHO. 表格：WHO <ref name="WHO 1"/>]]
====潜在问题====
<br>
{{RSR_table
|1image=project 790.jpg |1link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/790/ |1project#=790 |1project name=WaSH program in WASH项目<br>Rural Bangladesh 在孟加拉农村 ||2image=project 440.jpg |2link=http://rsr.akvo.org//project/440/ |2project#=440 |2project name=Raising awareness on rainwater harvesting 提高对雨水<br>收集的关注 ||3image=project 439.jpg |3link=http://www.akvo.org/rsr/project/439/ |3project#=439 |3project name=Wetland Management 湿地管理<br>& Water Harvesting 和水资源收集 ||4image=project 440.jpg |4link=http://www.akvo.org/rsr/project/440/ |4project#=440 |4project name=Raising awareness on rainwater harvesting 提高对雨水<br>收集的关注 ||5image=project 107.jpg |5link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/107/ |5project#=107 |5project name=Rainwater harvesting in Guinee Bissau 雨水收集<br>在几内亚比绍 |
}}
===指南、视频和链接===
====指南====
* 从IRC网站上下载本书[http://www.ircircwash.nlorg/pagesites/37471 default/files/Thomas-2007-Roofwater.pdf “Roofwater Harvesting: A Handbook for Practitioners”]
* 小册子[http://www.washdoc.info/docsearch/title/169828 Smart Water Harvesting Solutions]
* [http://www.nwp.nl/_docs/Smart-solutions-3R.spread.pdf Smart 3R Solutions]
====视频====
{{#ev:youtube|sHppepLP-pk|200|left|<center><font size="3">Rainsong video视频：雨之歌</font></center>}}
{|style="border: 1px solid #fofofo; font-size: 125%"
|-
|{{#ev:youtube|6KaPjPospAk|200|auto|<center>Rainwater Harvesting Nepal, 雨水收集在尼泊尔<br>by BSP上传者：BSP-Nepal</center>}}|{{#ev:youtube|QaTYxX_jajs|200|auto|<center>Combating fluorosis - 对抗氟化物：<br>Harvesting rooftop rainwater收集屋顶雨水</center>}}|{{#ev:youtube|wWnhYIIKY0U|200|auto|<center>Rainwater harvesting, 雨水收集<br>(Pushpam Singh)</center>}} |{{#ev:youtube|SCNr2Ung0cc|200|auto|<center>Rooftop rainwater - 屋顶雨水：<br>Bangalore rural district班加罗尔农村地区</center>}}
|}
====外部链接====
* [http://www.rainfoundation.org Rainwater Harvesting Implementation Network (RAIN)]
* [http://practicalaction.org/energy/waterrainwater-andharvesting-sanitation/rainwater_harvesting 8 Rainwater Harvesting information on Practical Action]
* [http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org Indian website on rainwater harvesting ]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainwater_harvesting Wikipedia article on rainwater harvesting]
* [http://www.eng.warwick.ac.uk/dtu/rwh Rainwater Harvesting info on the DTU unit of University of Warwick]
* [http://web.archive.org/web/20100112111544/http://www.unep.org:80/depi/rainwater / Rainwater Partnership ]* [http://wwwcseindia.org/content/catch-water-where-it-falls-toolkit-urban-rainwater-toolkit.net/ harvesting Catch Water Where It Falls - Toolkit on Urban Rainwater ToolkitHarvesting]
* [[Solution_of_the_week_5|Akvo solution of the week 5]]
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