Difference between revisions of "冲击钻井"
From Akvopedia
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人工冲击钻井通常适用于最深为25米的井。 | 人工冲击钻井通常适用于最深为25米的井。 | ||
| − | + | 钻井开始前，最好先分析水可能处于的位置。WellSpringAfrica.org（非洲泉源组织的网站）上提供了许多寻找水源时可用的线索。[http://www.wellspringafrica.org/WebManual/chapter4.htm 请选择网站。] | |
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===成本=== | ===成本=== | ||
| − | 如果想比较手工挖掘井与冲击钻井的成本，请点击：[http://www.wellspringafrica.org/WebManual/costcomp.htm | + | 如果想比较手工挖掘井与冲击钻井的成本，请点击：[http://www.wellspringafrica.org/WebManual/costcomp.htm Wellspring Africa（非洲泉源组织）手动冲击钻井] 阐明了材料、工具和人力成本。 |
===实地经验=== | ===实地经验=== | ||
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* [http://www.surechem.com.my/products.php?cat=2010 冲击钻井]. 不同种类的钻头和连接头. | * [http://www.surechem.com.my/products.php?cat=2010 冲击钻井]. 不同种类的钻头和连接头. | ||
| − | * [http://www.wellspringafrica.org/manual.asp 手工钻井], Cliff Missen, Wellspring Africa, draft 4 - Manual on Percussion drilling, well construction, manufacturing tools. [http://www.wellspringafrica.org/drildesc.htm Website of WellspringAfrica] | + | * [http://www.wellspringafrica.org/manual.asp 手工钻井], Cliff Missen, Wellspring Africa （非洲泉源组织）, draft 4 - Manual on Percussion drilling, well construction, manufacturing tools. [http://www.wellspringafrica.org/drildesc.htm Website of WellspringAfrica] |
* KOEGEL, R. (1985) Self Help Wells, FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper, FAO, Rome.ISBN 92-5-100398-X [http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5567E/X5567E00.htm html version]. | * KOEGEL, R. (1985) Self Help Wells, FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper, FAO, Rome.ISBN 92-5-100398-X [http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5567E/X5567E00.htm html version]. | ||
Revision as of 04:22, 21 October 2015
冲击钻井是一种人工钻井技术，需将较重的开凿钻头或锤击钻头连接在绳子或缆绳上，降到凿洞中或临时的套管里。这一技术通常也称作“绳索钻具”。一般会运用三脚架来支撑工具。通过上下拉动绳索，钻头将探孔内的土壤或固结岩击松，随后用泥浆泵将其抽出。就像使用手钻时那样，冲击钻井时可能会使用钢制或塑料的临时套管来防止凿洞塌陷。永久的井管滤网和套管安装完成后，临时套管必须移除。
适宜条件
冲击钻井适用于下列疏松或固结的构造：沙、淤泥、硬质黏土、砂岩、红土和砾石层。
人工冲击钻井通常适用于最深为25米的井。
钻井开始前，最好先分析水可能处于的位置。WellSpringAfrica.org（非洲泉源组织的网站）上提供了许多寻找水源时可用的线索。请选择网站。
| 优势 | 不足 |
|---|---|
| - 与其它钻井方式不同， 冲击钻井可以去除卵石并击碎更硬的地质构造，快速、有效地击穿大多数地质种类。 - 一般而言，冲击钻井能够应对大多数地质状况。 |
- 钻井设备可能很重， 相对而言也较昂贵。 - 尤其当岩石较为坚硬时，这一钻井方法较慢（需要几周，而不仅是几天）。 |
建造、运作与维护
钻井设备在西方国家中进行商业化生产。当地产品亦可使用。冲击钻井是一种繁重的工作。可能需要适度使用小型发动机。
冲击钻井可手工提供动力，由若干人拉绳来升降钻头，或由发动机来提供动力。可以将钻井工具拆分成几部分，便于放入汽车后备箱载去偏远的村庄，或架在卡车车厢上开往钻井现场。钻具零件可从全球多家钻具公司购得，或可用已有的废钢和当地材料制得。
供应商
- Eijkelkamp Agrisearch 设备 - 钻井设备，手钻、冲击圆凿指南。
- Van Reekum 用具 - 钻井设备、手钻及冲击钻具。
成本
如果想比较手工挖掘井与冲击钻井的成本，请点击：Wellspring Africa（非洲泉源组织）手动冲击钻井 阐明了材料、工具和人力成本。
实地经验
冲击钻井主要在尼日尔、尼日利亚、乍得、利比里亚、加纳、中美洲和一些西方国家使用。
指南、视频与链接
- Robert Vuik, Don de Koning and Arjen van der Wal. 冲击钻井：人工钻井系列. 平价人工钻井技术培训指南. Practica Foundation（实践基金会）, 2010年6月. 法语版：FORAGE À LA PERCUSSION: Série forage manuel.
- 冲击钻井. 不同种类的钻头和连接头.
- 手工钻井, Cliff Missen, Wellspring Africa （非洲泉源组织）, draft 4 - Manual on Percussion drilling, well construction, manufacturing tools. Website of WellspringAfrica
- KOEGEL, R. (1985) Self Help Wells, FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper, FAO, Rome.ISBN 92-5-100398-X html version.
- CARTER, R. C. (2005) Human-Powered Drilling Technologies. an overview of human-powered drilling technologies for shallow small diameter well construction, for domestic and agricultural water supply , Silsoe College , Cranfield University , Bedfordshire, UK Download
- Drilling Boreholes for Hand pumps, Peter Wurzel, Skat, Switzerland, 2001 - A book on hydrogeology, well construction, drilling techniques, well development - Download. Website of SKAT
- Low-cost shallow tube well construction in West Africa, M. Sonau, FAO - An overview of shallow tube well drilling techniques - website. Website of FAO documents.
- Technical note 43. Simple drilling methods, Bob Elson and Rod Shaw, WEDC - An overview of simple drilling methods Download. Website of Loughborough University Technical Briefs section. Website of Loughborough University WELLS.
- A Water Handbook, Technical Guidelines Series, UNICEF, 1999 - Programming and implementation. Download.
- Technology notes, section 7; Tube wells and boreholes, WaterAid - An overview of human-powered drilling technologies. Download. Website of Wateraid.org.
- Water for the World, Technical note series rws 2, USAID 1982 - Technical notes on methods of developing of groundwater, manual drilling techniques. Website Livewater International. Under 'Cable Tool Wells'.
- Multi-service procedures for well-drilling operations, field manual chapter 9, US Military Chapter 9, alternative well construction, manual drilling techniques - Download.
鸣谢
- The basis for the material on this page was obtained from a desk study shortly to be published on the website of the Practica Foundation, and from the Rural Water Supply Network, and specifically its manual drilling section.
- 43. Simple drilling methods. WEDC.
