Difference between revisions of "冲击钻井"
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| − | | valign="top" | - | + | | valign="top" | - 与其它钻井方式不同， 冲击钻井可以去除卵石并击碎更硬的地质构造，快速有效地穿过大多数地质种类。 <br> |
| − | - | + | - 一般而言，冲击钻井能够应对大多数地质状况。<br> |
| − | - | + | - 能够钻井几百英尺（中国一座1923年手工挖掘的井深达4000余英尺）。 <br> |
| − | - | + | - 与挖井相比，冲击钻井能深入地下水位更深，甚至可以超过一个地下水位而达到另一个。 <br> |
| − | | valign="top" | - | + | | valign="top" | - 钻井设备可能很重， 相对而言也较昂贵。<br> |
| − | - | + | - 尤其当岩石较为坚硬时，这一钻井方法较慢（需要几周，而不仅是几天）。 <br> |
| − | - | + | - 在必须使用临时套管的情况下，花费在的装卸套管上的时间会大量增加钻井时间。<br> |
| − | - | + | - 设备成本高昂，且方法较慢（导致每米的钻井成本高昂）。 <br> |
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Revision as of 03:31, 13 October 2015
冲击钻井是一种人工钻井技术，需将较重的开凿钻头或锤击钻头连接在绳子或缆绳上，降到凿洞中或临时的套管里。这一技术通常也指“绳索钻具”。一般会运用三脚架来支撑工具。通过上下拉动绳索，钻头将探孔内的土壤或固结岩击松，随后用泥浆泵将其抽出。就像使用手钻时那样，冲击钻井时可能会使用钢制或塑料的临时套管来防止凿洞塌陷。永久的井管滤网和套管安装完成后，临时套管必须移除。
适宜条件
冲击钻井适用于下列疏松或固结的构造：沙、淤泥、硬质黏土、砂岩、红土和砾石层。
人工冲击钻井通常适用于最深为25米的井。
钻井开始前，最好先分析水可能在何处。非洲泉源组织的网站（WellSpringAfrica.org）上提供了许多寻找水源时可用的线索。请选择网站。
| 优势 | 不足 |
|---|---|
| - 与其它钻井方式不同， 冲击钻井可以去除卵石并击碎更硬的地质构造，快速有效地穿过大多数地质种类。 - 一般而言，冲击钻井能够应对大多数地质状况。 |
- 钻井设备可能很重， 相对而言也较昂贵。 - 尤其当岩石较为坚硬时，这一钻井方法较慢（需要几周，而不仅是几天）。 |
建造、运作与维护
Equipment is commercially produced in western countries. Local production is possible. Percussion drilling is hard work. Use of a small engine may be appropriate. 钻井设备在西方国家中进行商业化生产。当地产品亦可使用。冲击钻井是一种繁重的工作。可能需要适度使用小型发动机。
The percussion drill can be powered by hand, with several men pulling on a rope to lift and drop the bit, or it can harness the power of an engine. It can take the form of a few pieces that can be transported in the trunk of a car and carried into remote villages, or it can be mounted on the bed of a truck and driven to the drill site. The drill parts can be bought from the numerous world-wide companies that make drilling tools or they can be made from readily available scrap steel and local materials. 冲击钻井可手工提供动力，由若干人拉绳来升降钻头，或由发动机来提供动力。可以将钻井工具拆分成几部分，便于放入汽车后备箱载入偏远的村庄，或架在卡车车厢上开往钻井现场。钻具零件可从全球多家钻具公司购得，或可用已有的废钢和当地材料制得。
供应商
- Eijkelkamp Agrisearch 设备 - Drilling equipment and manuals on hand auger and percussion gouges.钻井设备、手钻与冲击圆凿指南。
- Van Reekum 用具 - Drilling equipment, hand auger and percussion drilling.钻井设备、手钻及冲击钻具。
成本
For cost comparisons between hand drilling and percussion drilling: Wellspring Africa's Hand Powered Percussion Drill illustrates costs for materials, tools, and labour.如果想比较人工挖掘井与冲击钻井的成本，请点击：非洲泉源组织手动冲击钻井 阐明了材料、工具和人力成本。
实地经验
冲击钻井主要在尼日尔、尼日利亚、乍得、利比里亚、加纳、中美洲和一些西方国家使用。
指南、视频与链接
- Robert Vuik, Don de Koning and Arjen van der Wal. Percussion: Manual Drilling Series. Technical Training Handbook on Affordable Manual Well Drilling. Practica Foundation, June 2010. French version: FORAGE À LA PERCUSSION: Série forage manuel.
- Percussion Drilling. Different kinds of drills and connectors.
- Drilling Wells by Hand, Cliff Missen, Wellspring Africa, draft 4 - Manual on Percussion drilling, well construction, manufacturing tools. Website of WellspringAfrica
- KOEGEL, R. (1985) Self Help Wells, FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper, FAO, Rome.ISBN 92-5-100398-X html version.
- CARTER, R. C. (2005) Human-Powered Drilling Technologies. an overview of human-powered drilling technologies for shallow small diameter well construction, for domestic and agricultural water supply , Silsoe College , Cranfield University , Bedfordshire, UK Download
- Drilling Boreholes for Hand pumps, Peter Wurzel, Skat, Switzerland, 2001 - A book on hydrogeology, well construction, drilling techniques, well development - Download. Website of SKAT
- Low-cost shallow tube well construction in West Africa, M. Sonau, FAO - An overview of shallow tube well drilling techniques - website. Website of FAO documents.
- Technical note 43. Simple drilling methods, Bob Elson and Rod Shaw, WEDC - An overview of simple drilling methods Download. Website of Loughborough University Technical Briefs section. Website of Loughborough University WELLS.
- A Water Handbook, Technical Guidelines Series, UNICEF, 1999 - Programming and implementation. Download.
- Technology notes, section 7; Tube wells and boreholes, WaterAid - An overview of human-powered drilling technologies. Download. Website of Wateraid.org.
- Water for the World, Technical note series rws 2, USAID 1982 - Technical notes on methods of developing of groundwater, manual drilling techniques. Website Livewater International. Under 'Cable Tool Wells'.
- Multi-service procedures for well-drilling operations, field manual chapter 9, US Military Chapter 9, alternative well construction, manual drilling techniques - Download.
鸣谢
- The basis for the material on this page was obtained from a desk study shortly to be published on the website of the Practica Foundation, and from the Rural Water Supply Network, and specifically its manual drilling section.
- 43. Simple drilling methods. WEDC.
