Changes

- Better water quality than surface water dams: protects the water against evaporation, animal contamination and insect & bacteria breeding. 相较于普通的地面水坝，沙坝能使水质更好：能防止水分蒸发，动物污染及昆虫和细菌繁殖 <br>- Sand deposits can be collected and sold for extra income. 沉积沙可以收集起来出售，获取额外收入 <br>- Long lifespan if maintained correctly. 若适当维护沙坝，则使用寿命长

- Site-specific technology – not suitable everywhere. 这一技术适用于特定场地——并非适用于所有地点 <br>- External expert knowledge needed 需要外界提供专业知识<br>- Labour intensive construction 劳动密集型的建造<br>- Although cost per volume is cheap, the actual structure that needs to be made is expensive. 虽然每容积的造价不高，但实际需要的建造物价格昂贵 <br>- If dam is built in stages, it can be difficult for the community to show up next season for the next stage of work.如果建坝分阶段进行，社区难以确定下一季工作的阶段<br>- Must rebuild if the river changes course 如果河道更改，则必须重建<br>- The possible dam construction sites may be too far from the water users 能够建坝的地点可能会离需要用水的人太远<br>- In Kenya, experience shows that up to 80% of dams might not be functioning as they should due to poor design. 在肯尼亚，根据经验，因设计不当，多达80%的水坝可能无法运作<br>

===Resilience to changes in the environment顺应环境变化=======Drought干旱===='''Effects of drought干旱效应''': Can dry up; Water yields low. ：会干涸；出水量低。 <br>'''Underlying causes of effects潜在的因果关系''': Less recharge of aquifer due to less rainfall. Increasing population & water demand; Size of aquifers – e.g. limited sand volume; Too much silt accumulates behind dam; Wells not sunk deep enough into water table; Incorrect siting creates leaking dams.：减少的降雨量会降低砂石含水层的补充。上升的人口和用水需求；砂石含水层的大小，如，有限的沙量；坝后积聚了太多淤泥；井不够深，未达地下水位；选址不当，引发水坝泄漏。<br>'''To increase resiliency of WASH system提高水、环境卫生与个人卫生系统的适应力''': Competent siting & construction; Build sand dam in stages to reduce silt; Soil & water conservation techniques in upper part of catchment; Dig abstraction wells/pipes deeper.：选址和建造符合要求；分阶段建坝以减少淤泥；土地和水源保护流域。