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管道补给
,Created page with "80px Image:TubeRechargeDrilling.jpg|thumb|right|200px| 2006年6月莫桑比克希莫尤，使用手钻钻洞为管道补给系统做..."
[[Image:tube recharge icon.png|right|80px]]
[[Image:TubeRechargeDrilling.jpg|thumb|right|200px| 2006年6月莫桑比克希莫尤，使用手钻钻洞为管道补给系统做准备。图片来源：Arrakis。]]
[[Image:TubeRecharge.jpg|thumb|right|200px| 管道补给。津巴布韦。图片来源：H. Holtslag]]
__NOTOC__ <small-title />
管道补给成本低，它结合了人为填洞和铺设排水管道。排水管道穿过压实的表层土。之前雨水通常会蒸发或者流入河水，但现在能渗进土壤补给含水层。
管道补给系统由塑料软管或PVC管道组成，直径为20-30毫米。这些管道铺设在人为钻取的洞中、抽水井的上游、自然集水处或人造池塘中。雨水填满池塘后，必须先等几个小时才能打开排水管道，以便处理污垢。水进入管道之前先经过过滤管道。根据压实表层土的面积，管道长度为5-10米不等，而且不会到达含水层。
由于池塘面积不同，每次下雨将为含水层补给大约2-10立方米的水。地下水的水量和水流模式决定旱季时抽出的水量。
===适宜条件===
当地的地质状况决定具体要求、成本和时间：如果没有石头和巨砾，一天可钻取一个深度为10米的洞，如果使用钻孔机（如螺旋钻或[[手钻 - 常规]]）则无需一天。
===Construction, operations and maintenance===
* Prior to placing the recharge tubes, testing is needed to determine the best sizes of tube, depth, maximum capacity of recharge, etc.
* Maintenance consists of unclogging the drainage tube by swabbing: moving a stick with a cloth up and down the drainage hole.
* Before recharge systems are applied on a larger scale, their effectiveness in a given context should be further investigated by means of smaller pilot systems.
===Costs===
* Total costs per system (drilling, tubes, labour): US$ 5 - 30.
* Step auger or Baptist drill set for holes up to 12 m (can be used for many holes): US$ 75.
If the holes are drilled by families themselves, the costs can be minimised.
===Manuals, videos and links===
[http://www.connectinternational.nl/files/TubeRechargeManual_short_03.pdf Draft Short Manual On Tube Recharge Methodology]. Arrakis, 2006.
===Acknowledgements===
* [http://www.washdoc.info/docsearch/title/169828 Smart Water Harvesting Solutions: Examples of innovative, low cost technologies for rain, fog, and runoff water and groundwater.] (or [http://www.arcworld.org/downloads/smart%20water%20harvesting.pdf alternative link]) Netherlands Water Partnership, Aqua for All, Agromisa, et al. 2007.
[[Image:TubeRechargeDrilling.jpg|thumb|right|200px| 2006年6月莫桑比克希莫尤，使用手钻钻洞为管道补给系统做准备。图片来源：Arrakis。]]
[[Image:TubeRecharge.jpg|thumb|right|200px| 管道补给。津巴布韦。图片来源：H. Holtslag]]
__NOTOC__ <small-title />
管道补给成本低，它结合了人为填洞和铺设排水管道。排水管道穿过压实的表层土。之前雨水通常会蒸发或者流入河水，但现在能渗进土壤补给含水层。
管道补给系统由塑料软管或PVC管道组成，直径为20-30毫米。这些管道铺设在人为钻取的洞中、抽水井的上游、自然集水处或人造池塘中。雨水填满池塘后，必须先等几个小时才能打开排水管道，以便处理污垢。水进入管道之前先经过过滤管道。根据压实表层土的面积，管道长度为5-10米不等，而且不会到达含水层。
由于池塘面积不同，每次下雨将为含水层补给大约2-10立方米的水。地下水的水量和水流模式决定旱季时抽出的水量。
===适宜条件===
当地的地质状况决定具体要求、成本和时间：如果没有石头和巨砾，一天可钻取一个深度为10米的洞，如果使用钻孔机（如螺旋钻或[[手钻 - 常规]]）则无需一天。
===Construction, operations and maintenance===
* Prior to placing the recharge tubes, testing is needed to determine the best sizes of tube, depth, maximum capacity of recharge, etc.
* Maintenance consists of unclogging the drainage tube by swabbing: moving a stick with a cloth up and down the drainage hole.
* Before recharge systems are applied on a larger scale, their effectiveness in a given context should be further investigated by means of smaller pilot systems.
===Costs===
* Total costs per system (drilling, tubes, labour): US$ 5 - 30.
* Step auger or Baptist drill set for holes up to 12 m (can be used for many holes): US$ 75.
If the holes are drilled by families themselves, the costs can be minimised.
===Manuals, videos and links===
[http://www.connectinternational.nl/files/TubeRechargeManual_short_03.pdf Draft Short Manual On Tube Recharge Methodology]. Arrakis, 2006.
===Acknowledgements===
* [http://www.washdoc.info/docsearch/title/169828 Smart Water Harvesting Solutions: Examples of innovative, low cost technologies for rain, fog, and runoff water and groundwater.] (or [http://www.arcworld.org/downloads/smart%20water%20harvesting.pdf alternative link]) Netherlands Water Partnership, Aqua for All, Agromisa, et al. 2007.
