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The UDDT toilet is built such that urine is collected and drained from the front area of the toilet, while faeces fall through a large chute (hole) in the back. Depending on the Collection and Storage/Treatment technology that follows, drying material such as lime, ash or earth should be added into the same hole after defecating. Men, as well as women, need to sit while urinating to ensure that the urine is diverted into the correct channel.
===Design Considerations=== It is important that the two sections of the toilet are well separated to ensure that a) faeces do not fall into, and clog the urine collection area in the front, and that b) urine does not splash down into the dry area of the toilet. :
Water used for anal cleaning must be kept separate in order a) faeces do not to dilute faeces or pollute fall into and clog the urine with pathogens. This requires a separate facility for anal cleaning. Small amounts of anal cleaning water can be infiltrated. Larger volumes need to be treated (together with grey water) to prevent ground water pollution.collection area in the front, and that
There are also 3-hole separating toilets that allow anal cleansing water to be separated from the b) urine and the faeces does not splash down into a third, dedicated hole. It is important that the faeces remain separate and dry. When area of the toilet is cleaned with water, care should be taken to ensure that the faeces are not mixed with water.
There are also 3-hole separating toilets that allow anal cleansing water to go into a third, dedicated basin separate from the urine drain and faeces collection. Both a pedestal and a squat slab can be used to separate urine from faeces depending on user preference. Urine diverting dry toilets can tends to rust most metals; therefore, metals should be made out avoided in the construction and piping of ceramicthe UDDT. To limit scaling, ferro-cementall connections (pipes) to storage tanks should be kept as short as possible; whenever they exist, fibre-enforced materialspipes should be installed with at least a 1% slope, or strongand sharp angles (90°) should be avoided. A pipe diameter of 50 mm is sufficient for steep slopes and where maintenance is easy. Larger diameter pipes (> 75mm) should be used elsewhere, durableespecially for minimum slopes, plastic and painted woodwhere access is difficult. It is important that To prevent odours from coming back up the pipe, an odour seal should be installed at the surface is smooth and hardenedurine drain.
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! style="background:#f0f8ff;" | Disadvantages
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| valign="top" |- Does not require a constant source of water <br>
- No real problems with odours and vectors (flies) if used and maintained correctly (i.e. kept dry) <br>
- Can be built and repaired with locally available materials <br>
- Low capital and operation operating costs <br>
- Good for areas where pit latrines don't work (high water table, collapsing/rocky soils). <br>
- Large scale nutrient recovery is a realistic possibiltypossibility. <br>
- Suitable for all types of users (sitters, squatters, washers, wipers)
| valign="top" |- Prefabricated models not available everywhere <br>- Requires education training and acceptance to be used correctly <br>- Is prone to misuse and clogging with faeces and misuse <br>- The excreta pile is visible <br>
- More expensive that low-cost latrine options <br>
- Men usually require a separate Urinal for optimum collection of urine <br>-Special child seats have to be provided to keep their urine and faeces separate.
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===AdequacyAppropriateness===The UDDT is simple to design and build , using such materials as concrete and wire mesh or plastic. The UDDT design can be altered to suit the needs of specific populations (i.e. , smaller for children, people who prefer to squat, etc.) They are appropriate for almost every climate.
===Health Aspects / Acceptance===The UDDT is not intuitive or immediately obvious to some users. At first, users may be hesitant about using it , and mistakes made (e.g. , faeces in the urine bowl) may deter others from accepting this type of toilet as well. Education Demonstration projects and demonstration projects training are essential in achieving to achieve good acceptance with users. For better acceptance of the system and to avoid urine in the faeces collection bowl, the toilet can be combined with a Urinal (U.3), allowing men to stand and urinate.
===Operation & Maintenance===A UDDT is slightly more difficult to keep clean compared to other toilets because of both the lack of water and the need to separate the solid faeces and liquid urine. For cleaning, a damp cloth may be used to wipe down the seat and the inner bowls. Some toilets are easily removable and can be cleaned more thoroughly. No design will work for everyone and , therefore, some users may have difficulty separating both streams perfectly , which may result in extra cleaning and maintenance. Faeces can be accidentally deposited in the urine section, causing blockages and cleaning problems.
Faeces can All of the surfaces should be cleaned regularly to prevent odours and to minimize the formation of stains. Water should not be accidentally deposited poured in the urine sectiontoilet for cleaning. Instead, causing blockages a damp cloth may be used to wipe down the seat and cleaning problemsthe inner bowls. As well, urine pipes/fittings Some toilets are easily removable and can become blocked over time be cleaned more thoroughly. It is important that the faeces remain separate and may require occasional maintenancedry. When the toilet is cleaned with water, care should be taken to ensure that the faeces are not mixed with water.
This Because urine is collected separately, calcium- and magnesium-based minerals and salts can precipitate and build up in pipes and on surfaces where urine is constantly present. Washing the bowl with a waterless technology mild acid (e.g., vinegar) and /or hot water should not be poured down can prevent the toiletbuild-up of mineral deposits and scaling. As well, urine tends Stronger (> 24% acetic) acid or a caustic soda solution (2 parts water to rust most metals; therefore1 part soda) can be used for removing blockages. However, metals should in some cases manual removal may be avoided for the construction and piping of the UDDTrequired. An odour seal also requires occasional maintenance. It is critical to regularly check its functioning.
=== Manuals, videos, and links ===
===References ===
* Morgan, P. R. (2007). [http://www.ecosanres.org/toilets_that_make_compost.htm Toilets That Make Compost: . Low-costCost, sanitary toilets that produce valuable compost Sanitary Toilets That Produce Valuable Compost for crops Crops in an African context]Context. Stockholm Environment Institute, SwedenStockholm, SE. (Provides step-by step instruction on how to build a UDDT using a plastic bucket and how to construct a urine -diverting squat plate):Available at: [http://www.ecosanres.org ecosanres.org] * Morgan, P. R. (2009). Ecological Toilets. Start Simple and Upgrade from Arborloo to VIP. Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm, SE.:Available at: [http://www.ecosanres.org ecosanres.org] * von Münch, E. and Winker, M. (2011). Technology Review of Urine Diversion Components. Overview of Urine Diversion Components Such as Waterless Urinals, Urine Diversion Toilets, Urine Storage and Reuse Systems. Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, Eschborn, DE.:Available at: [http://www.susana.org/library susana.org/library] * NWP (2006). Smart Sanitation Solutions. Examples of Innovative, Low-Cost Technologies for Toilets, Collection, Transportation, Treatment and Use of Sanitation Products. Netherlands Water Partnership, The Hague, NL.:Available at: [http://www.ircwash.org ircwash.org]
* Netherlands Water Partnership Rieck, C., von Münch, E. and Hoffmann, H. (2012). Technology Review of Urine-Diverting Dry Toilets (NWPUDDTs) . Overview of Design, Operation, Management and Costs. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (2006GIZ)GmbH, Eschborn, DE. :Available at: [http://www.ircsusana.nlorg/pagelibrary susana.org/28448 Smart Sanitation Solutions. Examples of innovative, low-cost technologies for toilets, collection, transportation, treatment and use of sanitation productslibrary]. NWP, Netherlands. (Provides country specific data and links for further information.)
* Winblad, U. and Simpson-HerbertHébert, M. (Eds.) (2004). Ecological Sanitation. Revised and Enlarged Edition. Stockholm Environment Institute, SwedenStockholm, SE. Availableat: [http://www.ecosanres.org www.ecosanres.org] (Provides a good, general overview of different types of UDDTs – see especially page 59.)
* General information [http://www.gtz.de/ecosan www.gtz.de/ecosan]
