Siphon filter
The Siphon filter is a candle-type water filter which uses siphon pressure to force water through a high-quality ceramic filter element. The innovative useage of the siphon results in a high flow rate of 4-6 liters per hour. The Siphon filter is very compact, as only a filter element, a plastic hose, and a valve are needed, while existing storage containers can be used. A washable fabric is used as a pre-filter before the water enters the ceramic element. Therefore, protecting the ceramic filter from premature clogging when using turbid water. The filter is designed as a point-of-use filter in households. The filter element is impregnated with silver in order to increase the efficiency of the filter.
| Advantages | Disadvantages/limitations |
|---|---|
| - Easy to use: after 15-20 litres, the upper container has to be refilled
- Colloidal silver creates some residual effect for 7.000 litres - It has a “backwash option”, to clean the filter – - It is small, which is attractive for transport and storage and results in less breakage than pot shaped filters. - It is user friendly, easy to maintain and lasts longer than other ceramic filters - It has a very low production cost and a very low cost for the users - High flow rate |
- Clogging if water contains fine silts
- No indicator/warning system for user when leakage occurs - No safe storage |
History and social context
Suitable conditions
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Technical specification
Operation
The filter element is placed in a container with contaminated water, situated about 70 cm above the clean water container. The siphon action is started by squeezing the rubber bulb. The siphon pressure forces the water through the filter element, ensuring a high flow of water.
Treatment Efficiency
The Siphon filter has been tested using a certified method by “Waterlaboratorium Noord”, an independent laboratory based in the Netherlands. It was found that even after passing 7000 liters of heaviliy contaminated water, the filter still removed E. Coli by more than 99.99%. The E. Coli test is used as an indicator for the removal of pathogenic bacteria in water. Water-borne bacteria are responsible for the large majority of diseases caused by contaminated water.
Maintenance
After some time, the flow rate may reduce because of clogging of the filter element. In this case, the filter can be cleaned by backwashing. This is done by closing the valve and squeezing the rubber bulb, which forces the water back through the filter element, pushing dirt particles out and unclogging the filter. This backwash option increases the lifetime of the filter element.
Manufacturing
The Siphon filter was developed and is now produced by Basic Water Needs India, a company based in Pondicerry, India. The ceramic filter is quite fragile, the plastic is robust. Presently, leakage problems are solved by gluing the candle caps under strict quality control. Plastic bulbs are made in one piece from EVA (material used in hospitals for plastic hoses).
It is not possible to produce the filter locally due to lack of quality control and unavailability of raw materials. It might be possible however, to produce some plastic parts. Local production will be applicable if there’s existing industrial infrastructure.
Estimated Lifespan
The filter element could produce up to 7.000 litres (enough for a large family for 1 year) of water before replacement. The plastic parts last up to 5 years.
Cost
| Capital cost | Operating cost | Replacement cost | Estimated 5 year cost | Cost / metre cubed treated |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| € 7 - 9 | € 2/year | € 0, 48-0, 54 |
Figures are assuming filter replacement takes place every year but plastic parts last up to 5 years.
Country experiences
It is now being implemented in Tanzania, Mozambique, Madagascar, Kenya and India.
Manuals
Movies
- Youtube movie on the siphon filter
- Youtube movie on the Tulip filter
- CrystalPur advertisement on Cambodian television
Footnotes
Acknowledgements
References
- information on the CrystalPur filter
- Safe Water Today: Supporting Global Water Projects [1]
