De-fluoridation

High levels of fluoride in groundwater has been reported parts of in Ethiopia, Malawi, Kenya and Tanzania and can lead to health problems including dental fluorosis, osteosclerosis, thyroid problems, growth retardation and even kidney failure. Most of the methods currently available for the removal of fluoride from drinking water are either too expensive, are technically unfeasible for household use or change the water quality. In this study, the removal of fluoride from water using aluminium hydroxide has been investigated and a household defluoridation unit (HDU) has been designed and tested.

Reference manuals, videos, and links

• Groundwater fluoride levels in villages of Southern Malawi and removal studies using bauxite. International Journal of Physical Sciences Vol. 3 (1), pp. 001-011, January, 2008.