Difference between revisions of "手钻-常规"

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* Julien Labas and Robert Vuik, [http://www.unicef.org/wash/files/05.pdf Augering: 螺旋钻井: 人工钻井系列. 廉价人工钻井技术培训手册]. Practica Foundation. June 2010. 法语版: [http://www.practica.org/wp-content/uploads/services/publications/drilling%20manuals/FR/Auger%20manual%20drilling%20PRACTICA%20FR.pdf LA TARIERE MANUELLE: Série forage manuel].  
 
* Julien Labas and Robert Vuik, [http://www.unicef.org/wash/files/05.pdf Augering: 螺旋钻井: 人工钻井系列. 廉价人工钻井技术培训手册]. Practica Foundation. June 2010. 法语版: [http://www.practica.org/wp-content/uploads/services/publications/drilling%20manuals/FR/Auger%20manual%20drilling%20PRACTICA%20FR.pdf LA TARIERE MANUELLE: Série forage manuel].  
  
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* Jonathan Naugle, [http://www.enterpriseworks.org/pubs/Hand%20Augered%20Wells-color.pdf Hand Augered Garden Wells]. Lutheran World Relief, third edition 1996. This is a manual on hand augering, well construction, and manufacturing tools.  
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* Jonathan Naugle, [http://www.enterpriseworks.org/pubs/Hand%20Augered%20Wells-color.pdf 利用手钻钻取花园中的水井]. Lutheran World Relief,1996 第三版. 该指南讲解手钻、修井和制作工具.  
  
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* [http://www.lifewater.ca/download/Lifewater_Drilling_Manual_2004.pdf Drilling & well construction reference manual]. Lifewater Canada, update 2004. This is a manual on hydrogeology, well construction, all drilling techniques, hand pumps and more. Other information can be found on the [http://www.lifewater.ca/ website of Livewater].
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* [http://www.lifewater.ca/download/Lifewater_Drilling_Manual_2004.pdf 钻井参考指南]. Lifewater Canada, 2004 更新. 该指南讲解水文地质学、修井、钻井技术和手泵等. 其他信息请参阅网站[http://www.lifewater.ca/ website of Livewater].
  
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* Koegel, R. (1985), [http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5567E/X5567E00.htm Self Help Wells, FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper]. FAO, Rome.
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* Koegel, R. (1985), [http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5567E/X5567E00.htm 自助式水井, FAO 灌溉和排水论文]. FAO, Rome.
  
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* Carter, R. C. (2005) [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/resources/details/402 Human-Powered Drilling Technologies]. An overview of human-powered drilling technologies for shallow, small diameter well construction and domestic or agricultural water supply]. Silsoe College, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, UK.
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* Carter, R. C. (2005) [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/resources/details/402 人工钻井技术]. 人工修建小型浅层水井的技术及家用或农业用水供应概况]. Silsoe College, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, UK.
  
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* [https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/3038 Private Sector Participation in Low Cost Water Well Drilling]. Cranfield University, 2001. Article on private sector participation in low cost water well drilling in Africa.
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* [https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/3038 低成本钻井中私有企业的参与]. Cranfield University, 2001.有关非洲低成本钻井中私有企业的参与的文章.
  
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* Rural Water Supply Network - Useful network and website for information and downloads related to Rural Water Technologies - [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/implementation/manual-drilling Hand drilled wells]. General [http://www.rural-water-supply.net website].
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* 农村水供应网络 –提供农村用水技术信息与相关下载的实用互助网和网站 - [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/implementation/manual-drilling 人工钻井].常规 [http://www.rural-water-supply.net网站].
  
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* Peter Wurzel, [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/resources/details/148 Drilling Boreholes for Hand pumps]. Skat, Switzerland, 2001. A book on hydrogeology, well construction, drilling techniques, well development. Website of [http://www.skat.ch SKAT]
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* Peter Wurzel, [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/resources/details/148 使用手泵钻井]. Skat, Switzerland, 2001. 这本书讲述水文地质学、修井、钻井技术和建井工程. [http://www.skat.ch SKAT]网站
  
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* M. Sonau, [http://www.fao.org/docrep/w7314e/w7314e0v.htm Low-cost shallow tube well construction in West Africa]. FAO - An overview of shallow tube well drilling techniques. Website of [http://www.fao.org/documents/ FAO documents].
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* M. Sonau, [http://www.fao.org/docrep/w7314e/w7314e0v.htm 西非低成本管井的修建]. FAO - 浅层管井技术概况.[http://www.fao.org/documents/ FAO 文档网站].
  
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* Bob Elson and Rod Shaw, [http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/resources/technical-briefs/43-simple-drilling-methods.pdf Technical note 43. Simple drilling methods]. WEDC. An overview of simple drilling methods. Website of [http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/resources/technical-briefs/ Loughborough University Technical Briefs section]. Website of [http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/ Loughborough University WELLS].
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* Bob Elson and Rod Shaw, [http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/resources/technical-briefs/43-simple-drilling-methods.pdf 技术报告43. 简易钻井方法]. WEDC. 简易钻井方法概况.[http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/resources/technical-briefs/ Loughborough University 技术简报]网站.[http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/ Loughborough University 水井]网站.
  
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* [http://www.unicef.org/wash/files/Wat_e.pdf  A Water Handbook, Technical Guidelines Series]. UNICEF, 1999. Programming and implementation.
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* [http://www.unicef.org/wash/files/Wat_e.pdf  用水指南, 技术指南系列]. UNICEF, 1999. 计划和实施.
  
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* [https://www.dropbox.com/s/dc2lhxx7p657i2v/WaterAid_technology_notes.pdf?dl=0 Technology notes, section 7: Tube wells and boreholes]. WaterAid. An overview of human-powered drilling technologies. Website of [http://www.wateraid.org/uk Wateraid.org].
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* [https://www.dropbox.com/s/dc2lhxx7p657i2v/WaterAid_technology_notes.pdf?dl=0 技术报告，第7节: 管井和井眼]. WaterAid.人工钻井技术概况.[http://www.wateraid.org/uk Wateraid.org]网站.
  
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* Water for the World, Technical note series rws 2, USAID 1982 - Technical notes on methods of developing of groundwater, manual drilling techniques. [http://www.lifewater.org/resources/ground_water.html Website Livewater International].
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* 世界水资源, 技术报告系列 rws 2, USAID 1982 - 开发地下水方法和人工钻井技术报告. [http://www.lifewater.org/resources/ground_water.html Website Livewater International].
  
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* [http://navybmr.com/study%20material/14080a/14080A_ch9.pdf Multi-service procedures for well-drilling operations]. US Military. Alternative well construction and manual drilling techniques.
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* [http://navybmr.com/study%20material/14080a/14080A_ch9.pdf 钻井操作的多重业务流程]. US Military.其他建井和人工钻井技术.
  
 
=== Acknowledgements===
 
=== Acknowledgements===
 
* The basis for the material on this page was obtained from a desk study shortly to be published on the website of the [http://www.practicafoundation.nl/ Practica Foundation], and from the [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/ Rural Water Supply Network], and specifically its [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/implementation/manual-drilling manual drilling section].
 
* The basis for the material on this page was obtained from a desk study shortly to be published on the website of the [http://www.practicafoundation.nl/ Practica Foundation], and from the [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/ Rural Water Supply Network], and specifically its [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/implementation/manual-drilling manual drilling section].
 
* [http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/resources/technical-briefs/43-simple-drilling-methods.pdf 43. Simple drilling methods.] WEDC.
 
* [http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/resources/technical-briefs/43-simple-drilling-methods.pdf 43. Simple drilling methods.] WEDC.

Revision as of 11:13, 19 October 2015

Drilling icon.png
正在使用手钻钻井

手钻适合疏松地层，如泥沙和软土。硬土、硬材料和砂砾不容易或不可能被其凿穿或移动（除非联合使用螺旋钻和冲击钻).

手钻包含可伸缩的钢条，钢条可由把手旋转。钢条的底端可以绑上许多不同的螺旋钻（钻头）。通过旋转将手钻钻入地下，直到完全进入地下，然后抽出手钻，将其清空。每一种地层可以使用一种不同的手钻。手钻可以使用重型三脚架及绞车 (例如三脚架钻井机), 或使用较轻的材料制成。

高于地下水位时，井眼通常不会闭合而且无需支撑。可能需要在低于水位处使用一个临时的PVC管套来防止该洞塌陷，而且可用手钻或捞砂筒来掏空。然后移除临时管套，同时安装永久性的水井管套。

另一种方式是使用水井管套作为永久性管套来支撑井眼，因此便不能使用砾石填充。

适宜条件

手钻使用临时管套

根据地质条件，手钻可钻至15-25米深。


优势 劣势
- 在高于地下水位时易于使用。 - 可能很难移除临时管套。如果渗透了黏土层，管套会黏住土，因此很难使用临时管套。

- 如果易陷砂层在黏土层之下（临时管套无法穿透），井眼可能会闭合。

修建、运作和维护

垂直钻洞需要一定技术。

所有的工具可以使用当地材料在当地制作，也可以在西方国家制作（但是价格更贵）。

供应商

  • 制作手钻的工具可在当地制作。
  • Chafagane Maiga (S/C BP: 10988 Niamey, Niger, Tel: +227 96 53 18 88) - 轻便有效的手钻设备。
  • Eijkelkamp Agrisearch Equipment - 手钻和冲击钻的钻孔设备和指南。
  • Van Reekum Materials - 钻孔设备、手钻和冲击钻。
Different bailers and augers

实地经验

手钻在以下地方广泛使用：尼日尔、乍得、塞内加尔、冈比亚、乌干达、津巴布韦、坦桑尼亚、尼日利亚、中美洲和一些西方国家。

指南、视频和链接

  • Carter, R. C. (2005) 人工钻井技术. 人工修建小型浅层水井的技术及家用或农业用水供应概况]. Silsoe College, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, UK.
  • 农村水供应网络 –提供农村用水技术信息与相关下载的实用互助网和网站 - 人工钻井.常规 [1].
  • Peter Wurzel, 使用手泵钻井. Skat, Switzerland, 2001. 这本书讲述水文地质学、修井、钻井技术和建井工程. SKAT网站

Acknowledgements

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