Difference between revisions of "Talk:虹吸过滤器"

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(Created page with "80px Siphon filter as sold in shops 虹吸过滤器 is a candle-type water filter which uses siphon pre...")
 
 
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[[Image:siphon.png|right|80px]]
 
[[Image:siphon.png|right|80px]]
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[[Image:siphon_reg.jpg|thumb|right|200px| Siphon filter as sold in shops]]
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[[Image:siphon_reg.jpg|thumb|right|200px| 商店出售虹吸净水器]]
  
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虹吸过滤器 is a candle-type water filter which uses siphon pressure to force water through a high-quality ceramic filter element. The innovative usage of the siphon results in a high flow rate of 4-6 liters per hour. The Siphon filter is very compact, as only a filter element, a plastic hose, and a valve are needed, while existing storage containers can be used. A washable fabric is used as a pre-filter before the water enters the ceramic element. Therefore, protecting the ceramic filter from premature clogging when using turbid water.
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虹吸净水器是一种烛形净水器，它利用吸引压力迫使水通过高质量陶瓷过滤元件。这种创新的利用吸虹的方法可以达到每小时4到6公升的高速流量。吸虹净水器十分简洁，只有一个过滤元件、一个塑料孔，和一个必备的阀门，同时也可以利用现有的储藏容器。在水进入陶瓷元件之前，一块可洗的布被用作预滤器。这样的话，在用浑水的话，它可以防止陶瓷元件过早堵塞。净水器被设计用作家庭日用使用点。过滤元件是用银浸渍的，以此来提高过滤的效率。
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The filter is designed as a point-of-use filter in households. The filter element is impregnated with silver in order to increase the efficiency of the filter.
 
  
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===Suitable conditions===
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===适用条件===
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center"
 
|-
 
|-
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! width="50%" style="background:#efefef;" | Advantages
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! width="50%" style="background:#efefef;" |优点
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! style="background:#f0f8ff;" | Disadvantages
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! style="background:#f0f8ff;" |缺点
 
|-
 
|-
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| valign="top" | - Easy to use: after 15-20 litres, the upper container has to be refilled<br>
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| valign="top" | -使用简单：在15到20公升之后，上面的容器需要被再次填满<br>
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- Colloidal silver creates some residual effect for 7.000 litres<br>
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- 胶态银为7.000公升创造了一些剩余效应<br>
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- It has a “backwash option”, to clean the filter<br>
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- 它有一个“反冲洗选项”来清理过滤器<br>
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- It is small, which is attractive for transport and storage and results in less breakage than pot shaped filters<br>
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- 它很小，非常便于移动和储存，相比于盆形净水器，它受到的破坏更小<br>
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- It is user friendly, easy to maintain and lasts longer than other ceramic filters<br>
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- 该产品是使用友好型，维修简单，比其他陶瓷净水器更加耐用<br>
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- It has a very low production cost and a very low cost for the users<br>
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-它的生产成本很低，所以消费者的使用成本很低<br>
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- Due to the activated carbon filtered water tastes and smells good <br>
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-由于活性炭，过滤后的水尝起来和闻起来味道都很好<br>
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- High flow rate
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-水流速高
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| valign="top" | - Clogging if water contains fine silts<br>
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| valign="top" | - 如果水中含有细粉砂，净水器会堵塞<br>
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- No indicator/warning system for user when leakage occurs<br>
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- 当有泄露时，净水器没有指示/提醒系统<br>
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- No safe storage
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- 没有安全储存
 
|}
 
|}
  
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{{Potential_Treatment_Capacity_table
 
{{Potential_Treatment_Capacity_table
 
| highly=
 
| highly=
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- Bacteria<br>
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- 细菌<br>
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- Parasites <br>
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- 寄生虫 <br>
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- Turbidity <br>
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- 浑浊 <br>
 
| somewhat=  
 
| somewhat=  
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- Viruses <br>
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- 病毒 <br>
 
| not=  
 
| not=  
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-Dissolved chemicals (standard filter) <br>
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-可溶性化学物质（标准滤水器） <br>
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| process= Straining, Filtration, Silver inactivation
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| process= 拉紧，过滤，灭活银
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| watcrit= Contaminated fresh water
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| watcrit=受污染的新鲜水
 
}}
 
}}
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[[Image:siphon2.png|thumb|right|200px| Another version of the siphon filter]]
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[[Image:siphon2.png|thumb|right|200px| 另一种虹吸净水器]]
 
===Construction, operations and maintenance===
 
===Construction, operations and maintenance===
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[[Image:siphon3.png|thumb|right|200px| Siphon filter demonstration in Mozambique]]
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[[Image:siphon3.png|thumb|right|200px| 虹吸净水器在莫桑比克的示范]]
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[[Image:siphon1.png|thumb|right|200px| Principle of a siphon filter]]
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[[Image:siphon1.png|thumb|right|200px| 虹吸净水器原理]]
  
 
====Operation====
 
====Operation====
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After some time, the flow rate may reduce because of clogging of the filter element. In this case, the filter can be cleaned by backwashing. This is done by closing the valve and squeezing the rubber bulb, which forces the water back through the filter element, pushing dirt particles out and unclogging the filter. This backwash option increases the lifetime of the filter element.
 
After some time, the flow rate may reduce because of clogging of the filter element. In this case, the filter can be cleaned by backwashing. This is done by closing the valve and squeezing the rubber bulb, which forces the water back through the filter element, pushing dirt particles out and unclogging the filter. This backwash option increases the lifetime of the filter element.
  
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====Estimated Lifespan====
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====预估使用寿命====
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The filter element could produce up to 7.000 litres (enough for a large family for 1 year) of water before replacement.
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在替换之前，过滤元件可以用于7，000公升以上的水（足够一个大家庭使用1年），塑料部件可以维持5年以上。
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The plastic parts last up to 5 years.
 
  
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===Costs===
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===成本===
 
{{Treatment_Cost2
 
{{Treatment_Cost2
−
|CapCost= € 7 - 9
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|CapCost= € 7 - 9
 
|OpCost=  
 
|OpCost=  
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|ReplCost= € 2/year
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|ReplCost= € 2/年
 
|5yCost=
 
|5yCost=
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|m3Cost= $ 2 – 5 first year
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|m3Cost= 第一年$ 2 – 5  
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$0,71 – 1,14 years after
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之后每年 $0,71 – 1,14  
 
}}
 
}}
  
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Figures are assuming filter replacement takes place every year but plastic parts last up to 5 years.
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每年都需要假设过滤器的替换数据，而假设塑料部件的替换数据需要5年以上。
  
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===Field experiences===
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===实地经验===
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It is now being implemented in Ethiopia, Malawi, India, Indonesia, Tanzania, Mozambique, Madagascar, Kenya, Ecuador, Peru, Guatemala, Ghana and Bangladesh...
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目前在多个地区发布，包括埃塞俄比亚、马拉维、印度、印度尼西亚、坦桑尼亚、莫桑比克、马达加斯加、肯尼亚、厄瓜多尔、秘鲁、危地马拉、加纳、孟加拉国等。
  
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===Manuals, videos and links===
 
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* [[Solution_of_the_week_6|Akvo solution of the week 6]]
 
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* [http://www.basicwaterneeds.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/User-manual-Siphon-water-filter.pdf Tulip Siphon Water Filter Instruction manual]
 
  
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====Videos====
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===指南、视频和链接===
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* '''Video #1''': The siphon filter is a new effective and low cost water filter that eliminates turbidity and 99.99% of the bacteria. Henk Holtslag explains how it works. For more information, go to [http://www.connectinternational.nl/english/home Foundation Connect International Foundation Connect International].
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* [[Solution_of_the_week_6|第六周过滤水的解决方法]]
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* '''Video #2''': The Tulip Siphon filter. A new low cost water filter that eliminates turbidity and all bacteria. Filter capacity: 100 liters per day. Lifetime: 7000 liters. Retail price: 8 to 12 US$. More information at [http://www.connectinternational.nl/english/home Foundation Connect International].
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* [http://www.basicwaterneeds.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/User-manual-Siphon-water-filter.pdf 郁金香虹吸净水器安装指南]
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* '''Video #3''': CrystalPur advertisement on Cambodian television.
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 +
====V视频====
 +
* '''视频 #1''':   虹吸净水器是一个新型高效低成本的净水器，不仅能过滤浑浊，还能清除99.99%的细菌。亨克•霍特斯莱克阐述了净水器的原理。了解更多信息，请点击[http://www.connectinternational.nl/english/home Foundation Connect International Foundation Connect International]。
 +
* '''视频#2''': 郁金香虹吸净水器是一个新型低成本净水器，清除浑浊和所有细菌。净水器容量：100公升一天；使用寿命： 7000公升；零售价：8-12美元。更多信息请点击[http://www.connectinternational.nl/english/home Foundation Connect International]。
 +
* '''视频 #3''': 柬埔寨电视上的CrystalPur广告。
  
 
{|style="font-size: 125%"
 
{|style="font-size: 125%"
 
|-
 
|-
−
|{{#ev:youtube|j261j90JKZw|200|auto|<center>Siphon filter - <br>How it works</center>}}
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|{{#ev:youtube|j261j90JKZw|200|auto|<center>虹吸净水器 - <br>工作原理</center>}}
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|{{#ev:youtube|d8bIyjFEbes|200|auto|<center>Siphon filter 1</center>}}
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|{{#ev:youtube|d8bIyjFEbes|200|auto|<center>虹吸净水器 1</center>}}
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|{{#ev:youtube|NSSeHXymkBw|200|auto|<center>CrystalPur advertisement <br>on Cambodian television</center>}}  
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|{{#ev:youtube|NSSeHXymkBw|200|auto|<center>柬埔寨电视上的CrystalPur 广告 <br></center>}}  
 
|}
 
|}
  
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===Acknowledgements===
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===鸣谢===
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* [https://www.diageogivingforgood.com/how_filters_work.aspx The CrystalPur filter]. World Health Works (WHW), a spin-off of EnterpriseWorks/VITA, makes the CrystalPur filter, which was introduced in response to the need for low-cost domestic water filters in developing countries.
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* [https://www.diageogivingforgood.com/how_filters_work.aspx CrystalPur净水器公司，是世界卫生工厂（WHW）是一个企业工厂／VITA的子公司，负责生产CrystalPur净水器，而发展中国家引进CrystalPur净水器，适用于低成本家庭。
−
* [http://www.basicwaterneeds.com/ Basic Water Needs], Waterbedrijf Groningen - invested in the development of the filter.
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* [http://www.basicwaterneeds.com/ Basic Water Needs], Waterbedrijf Groningen - 公司投资发展净水器。
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* [http://www.aquaforall.nl/ Aqua for All] - invested in the development of the filter.
+
* [http://www.aquaforall.nl/ Aqua for All] - 投资发展净水器。

Latest revision as of 02:49, 19 September 2017

Siphon.png
商店出售虹吸净水器

虹吸净水器是一种烛形净水器，它利用吸引压力迫使水通过高质量陶瓷过滤元件。这种创新的利用吸虹的方法可以达到每小时4到6公升的高速流量。吸虹净水器十分简洁，只有一个过滤元件、一个塑料孔，和一个必备的阀门，同时也可以利用现有的储藏容器。在水进入陶瓷元件之前，一块可洗的布被用作预滤器。这样的话，在用浑水的话，它可以防止陶瓷元件过早堵塞。净水器被设计用作家庭日用使用点。过滤元件是用银浸渍的，以此来提高过滤的效率。

适用条件

优点 缺点
-使用简单：在15到20公升之后，上面的容器需要被再次填满

- 胶态银为7.000公升创造了一些剩余效应
- 它有一个“反冲洗选项”来清理过滤器
- 它很小，非常便于移动和储存，相比于盆形净水器，它受到的破坏更小
- 该产品是使用友好型，维修简单，比其他陶瓷净水器更加耐用
-它的生产成本很低，所以消费者的使用成本很低
-由于活性炭，过滤后的水尝起来和闻起来味道都很好
-水流速高

- 如果水中含有细粉砂，净水器会堵塞

- 当有泄露时，净水器没有指示/提醒系统
- 没有安全储存


Highly effective for: Somewhat effective for: Not effective for:
- 细菌

- 寄生虫
- 浑浊

- 病毒
-可溶性化学物质（标准滤水器）
Treatment process:
拉紧，过滤，灭活银
Inlet water criteria:
受污染的新鲜水
另一种虹吸净水器

Construction, operations and maintenance

虹吸净水器在莫桑比克的示范
虹吸净水器原理

Operation

The filter element is placed in a container with contaminated water, situated about 70 cm above the clean water container. The siphon action is started by squeezing the rubber bulb. The siphon pressure forces the water through the filter element, ensuring a high flow of water.

Manufacturing

The Siphon filter was developed and is now produced by Basic Water Needs India, a company based in the Netherlands, with a factory in Pondicherry, India. The ceramic filter is quite fragile, the plastic is robust. Before 2011, leakage problems were solved by gluing the candle caps under strict quality control, however newer models do not have this leakage problem. Plastic bulbs are made in one piece from EVA (material used in hospitals for plastic hoses).

It is not possible to produce the filter locally due to a lack of quality control and unavailability of raw materials or sometimes only the initial investments needed for this. It is possible however, to import the filter elements and assemble these into local plastic parts. This is always done in cooperation with and under the quality control of Basic Water Needs. Local production will be applicable if there’s existing industrial infrastructure. Other products made with the ceramic filter element is the Tulip Table Top water filter and Tulip Group filter.

Treatment Efficiency

The Siphon filter has been tested using a certified method by “Waterlaboratorium Noord”, an independent laboratory based in the Netherlands. It was found that even after passing 7000 liters of heavily contaminated water, the filter still removed E. Coli by more than 99.99%. The E. Coli test is used as an indicator for the removal of pathogenic bacteria in water. Water-borne bacteria are responsible for the large majority of diseases caused by contaminated water.

Maintenance

After some time, the flow rate may reduce because of clogging of the filter element. In this case, the filter can be cleaned by backwashing. This is done by closing the valve and squeezing the rubber bulb, which forces the water back through the filter element, pushing dirt particles out and unclogging the filter. This backwash option increases the lifetime of the filter element.

预估使用寿命

在替换之前，过滤元件可以用于7，000公升以上的水（足够一个大家庭使用1年），塑料部件可以维持5年以上。

成本

Capital cost Operating cost Replacement cost Estimated 5 year cost Cost / metre cubed treated
€ 7 - 9 € 2/年 第一年$ 2 – 5

之后每年 $0,71 – 1,14

每年都需要假设过滤器的替换数据，而假设塑料部件的替换数据需要5年以上。

实地经验

目前在多个地区发布，包括埃塞俄比亚、马拉维、印度、印度尼西亚、坦桑尼亚、莫桑比克、马达加斯加、肯尼亚、厄瓜多尔、秘鲁、危地马拉、加纳、孟加拉国等。


指南、视频和链接

V视频

  • 视频 #1: 虹吸净水器是一个新型高效低成本的净水器，不仅能过滤浑浊，还能清除99.99%的细菌。亨克•霍特斯莱克阐述了净水器的原理。了解更多信息，请点击Foundation Connect International Foundation Connect International。
  • 视频#2: 郁金香虹吸净水器是一个新型低成本净水器，清除浑浊和所有细菌。净水器容量：100公升一天；使用寿命： 7000公升；零售价：8-12美元。更多信息请点击Foundation Connect International。
  • 视频 #3: 柬埔寨电视上的CrystalPur广告。
虹吸净水器 -
工作原理
虹吸净水器 1
柬埔寨电视上的CrystalPur 广告

鸣谢

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