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[[Image:NaDCC.jpg|thumb|right|300px250px|NaDCC tablet]]
NaDCC, also known as sodium dichloroisocyanurate or sodium troclosene, is one form of chlorine used for disinfection. It is often used to treat water in emergencies, and is now widely available for household water treatment.
# Some chlorine reacts with other organic matter and forms new chlorine compounds. This portion is called combined chlorine.
# Excess chlorine that is not consumed or combined remains in the water. This portion is called free residual chlorine (FRC). The FRC helps prevent recontamination of the treated water.
Chlorine began to be widely used as a disinfectant in the early 1900’s. It revolutionized drinking water treatment and dramatically reduced the incidence of waterborne diseases. Chlorine remains the most widely used chemical for water disinfection in the United States.
==Suitable conditions ==
Unlimited amounts of water can be processed at a time, depending on the amount of active chlorine.
{{procontable | pro=
- Most users cannot determine the dosing quantity themselves; proper use requires instructions from the manufacturer <br>
}}
==History and social context==
Chlorine began to be widely used as a disinfectant in the early 1900’s. It revolutionized drinking water treatment and dramatically reduced the incidence of waterborne diseases. Chlorine remains the most widely used chemical for water disinfection in the United States.
==Suitable conditions ==
Unlimited amounts of water can be processed at a time, depending on the amount of active chlorine.
{{Potential_Treatment_Capacity_table
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==Technical specificationConstruction, operations and maintenance==
====Operation====
Each product should have its own instructions for correct dosing. In general, the user adds the correct sized tablet for the amount of water to be treated, following the product instructions. Then they agitate the container, and wait for the amount of time instructed on the package, normally 30 minutes (“contact time”). The water is then disinfected and ready to be used.
Most users cannot determine the dosing quantity themselves; proper use requires simple instructions from the manufacturer. Users often use less than the recommended dose to save money.
====Manufacturing====
NaDCC tablets cannot be produced locally, but they can be bought in bulk and packaged locally.
Materials and facilities required are simply the tablets and packaging materials. Workshop space is required for packaging the tablets.
Anyone can be trained for light packaging work.
NaDCC tablets do not contain hazardous chemicals, they are safe to handle and store. Manufacturer’s instructions should be followed.
====Treatment Efficiency====
Products should be protected from exposure to temperature extremes or high humidity.
====Manufacturing====
NaDCC tablets cannot be produced locally, but they can be bought in bulk and packaged locally.
Materials and facilities required are simply the tablets and packaging materials. Workshop space is required for packaging the tablets.
Anyone can be trained for light packaging work.
NaDCC tablets do not contain hazardous chemicals, they are safe to handle and store. Manufacturer’s instructions should be followed.
====Estimated Lifespan====
Medentech Ltd. manufactures Aquatabs for water disinfection, hospital surface infection control and general environmental disinfection. In Tanzania, PSI imported a single sized 20 litre-tablet that are packed locally in boxes of 36 10 tablet-strips.
==CostCosts==
{{Treatment_Cost
|CapCost=US$ 0
Note: Program, transportation and education costs are not included.
==Country Field experiences== ==Manuals== ==Movies==
==External LinksReference manuals, videos, and links==*[http://www.cawst.org CAWST (Centre for Affordable Water and Sanitation Technology)]
* [http://www.aquatabs.com Aquatabs]
* [http://www.medentech.com Medentech Ltd.]
This article is based on a factsheet from [http://www.cawst.org/ Centre for Affordable Water and Sanitation Technology (CAWST)], which is gratefully acknowledged.
==References==
* Clasen, T. and P. Edmondson (2006). Sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) tablets as an alternative to sodium hypochlorite for the routine treatment of drinking water at the household level. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health Volume 209, Issue 2, pp. 173-181.
* Clasen, T., Saed, T., Boisson, S., Edmondson, P., and O. Shipin. (2007). Household Water Treatment Using Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) Tablets: A Randomized, Controlled Trial to Assess Microbiological Effectiveness in Bangladesh. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 76(1), 2007, pp. 187–192.
* Lantagne, D.S., Blount, B. C., Cardinali, F., and R. Quick, R (2008). Disinfection by-product formation and mitigation strategies in point-of-use chlorination of turbid and non-turbid waters in western Kenya. Journal of Water and Health, 06.1, 2008.
* Molla, N., (2007). Practical Household Use of the Aquatabs Disinfectant for Drinking Water Treatment in the Low-Income Urban Communities of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Thesis, Asia Institute of Technology, School of Environment, Resources and Development.
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