Difference between revisions of "Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / Tyrolean weir"
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Dams and water inlet structures in embankments are vulnerable and expensive elements in river-fed water systems. They are easily damaged by floods, underflow, seepage and suffer from build-up of sediment or rubbish in the water. The Tyrolean weir forms a more reliable and cheaper alternative. Water is abstracted through a screen (or inlet) over a gutter, usually made of concrete and built into the riverbed. The screen on the crest should slope downstream (15-30 degrees), to increase flow velocities and prevent sediment carried by the stream from blocking it. From the gutter, water enters a pipeline, which drains into a sedimentation tank and then flows by gravity into the rest of the system. | Dams and water inlet structures in embankments are vulnerable and expensive elements in river-fed water systems. They are easily damaged by floods, underflow, seepage and suffer from build-up of sediment or rubbish in the water. The Tyrolean weir forms a more reliable and cheaper alternative. Water is abstracted through a screen (or inlet) over a gutter, usually made of concrete and built into the riverbed. The screen on the crest should slope downstream (15-30 degrees), to increase flow velocities and prevent sediment carried by the stream from blocking it. From the gutter, water enters a pipeline, which drains into a sedimentation tank and then flows by gravity into the rest of the system. | ||
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! style="background:#ffdead;" | Disadvantages | ! style="background:#ffdead;" | Disadvantages | ||
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| − | | valign="top" | More reliable and cheaper compared to dams and water inlet structures in embankments<br> | + | | valign="top" | More reliable and cheaper compared to dams and water inlet structures in river embankments<br> |
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== Costs == | == Costs == | ||
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* The capacity of the inlet pipe / drain (diameter and gradient) should be 30% more than the design flow and have an uniform gradient to prevent accumulation of sand. | * The capacity of the inlet pipe / drain (diameter and gradient) should be 30% more than the design flow and have an uniform gradient to prevent accumulation of sand. | ||
* The sedimentation tank can accumulate 1.5-2 m3 of deposits and allows water to filter for 10 to 30 minutes at very low speed. It is cleaned by washing it out. | * The sedimentation tank can accumulate 1.5-2 m3 of deposits and allows water to filter for 10 to 30 minutes at very low speed. It is cleaned by washing it out. | ||
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| + | == Maintenaince == | ||
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| + | * Regular inspection and cleaning of the grit / rack and possibly the gutter and sedimentation tank is required during and after storm periods. | ||
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* The weir itself does not clean or purify the water. | * The weir itself does not clean or purify the water. | ||
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== External links == | == External links == | ||
* General Background [http://www.aquaforall.nl www.aquaforall.nl] | * General Background [http://www.aquaforall.nl www.aquaforall.nl] | ||
Revision as of 11:12, 30 May 2008
File:Tyrweir.jpg
Tyrolean weir, Tanzania
Dams and water inlet structures in embankments are vulnerable and expensive elements in river-fed water systems. They are easily damaged by floods, underflow, seepage and suffer from build-up of sediment or rubbish in the water. The Tyrolean weir forms a more reliable and cheaper alternative. Water is abstracted through a screen (or inlet) over a gutter, usually made of concrete and built into the riverbed. The screen on the crest should slope downstream (15-30 degrees), to increase flow velocities and prevent sediment carried by the stream from blocking it. From the gutter, water enters a pipeline, which drains into a sedimentation tank and then flows by gravity into the rest of the system.
| Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|
| More reliable and cheaper compared to dams and water inlet structures in river embankments |
|
Costs
- Material (excluding the pipe and sedimentation tank): US$ 300 - 600.
- Labour (if site is easily accessible): 30 - 50 man days.
- Operation and maintenance: several visits per year for inspection, cleaning and minor repairs. Overall easy to carry out due to low-tech structure and the use of local labour and materials.
Applying conditions
- Tyrolean intakes are used in small permanent rivers and streams where the sediment content and bed load transport are low, or on the crest of a dam spill.
- The threshold can be a concrete elevation above the rocky bed of a mountain stream, or a vertical low weir structure, anchored in the embankment.
- The capacity of the inlet pipe / drain (diameter and gradient) should be 30% more than the design flow and have an uniform gradient to prevent accumulation of sand.
- The sedimentation tank can accumulate 1.5-2 m3 of deposits and allows water to filter for 10 to 30 minutes at very low speed. It is cleaned by washing it out.
Maintenaince
- Regular inspection and cleaning of the grit / rack and possibly the gutter and sedimentation tank is required during and after storm periods.
Considerations
- The weir or intake should be carefully sited.
- The weir itself does not clean or purify the water.
External links
- General Background www.aquaforall.nl
