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<!{|style="float: left;"|{{Language-- table at top of page with logo, picture, Application level, Management level, and input-output tables -->box|english_link=Upflow_Anaerobic_Sludge_Blanket_Reactor|french_link=Digesteur_anaérobie_à_flux_ascendant|spanish_link=Reactor_Anaerobico_de_Flujo_Ascendente_con_Manto_de_Lodos|hindi_link=coming soon|malayalam_link=coming soon|tamil_link=coming soon | korean_link=coming soon | chinese_link=Coming soon | indonesian_link=Coming soon | japanese_link=Coming soon}}|}{|width="100%"|style="width:50%;"|{{santablesantable_new|

sys2=[[Blackwater Treatment System with Infiltration|56]]|sys3=[[Blackwater Treatment System with SewerageEffluent Transport|67]]|sys4=[[Blackwater Transport to (Semi-) Centralized Treatment System |78]]|sys5=[[Sewerage System with Urine Diversion |89]]|

Input1=Blackwater|Input2=Greywater |Input3= Brownwater | Input4= |Input5=|Output1= Effluent | Output2= Treated Sludge | Output3= Biogas | Output4= | Output5=

'''The Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) is a single tank process. Wastewater enters the reactor from the bottom, and flows upward. A suspended sludge blanket filters and treats the wastewater as the wastewater flows through it.'''

<br>The sludge blanket is comprised of microbial granules(1 to 3 mm in diameter), i.e. , small agglomerations (0.5 to 2mm in diameter) of microorganisms that, because of their weight, resist being washed out in the upflow. The microorganisms in the sludge layer degrade organic compounds. As a result, gases (methane and carbon dioxide) are released. The rising bubbles mix the sludge without the assistance of any mechanical parts. Sloped walls deflect material that reaches the top of the tank downwards. The clarified effluent is extracted from the top of the tank in an area above the sloped walls.

After several weeks of use, larger granules of sludge form which , in turn , act as filters for smaller particles as the effluent rises through the cushion of sludge. Because of the upflow regime, granule-forming organisms are preferentially accumulated as the others are washed out. The gas that rises to the top is collected in a gas collection dome and can be used as energy (biogas). An upflow velocity of 0.6 to 0.9m/h must be maintained to keep the sludge blanket in suspension.

==Adequacy== A UASB is not appropriate for small or rural communities without a constant water supply or electricity. A skilled operator is required to monitor and repair the reactor and the pump in case of problems. Although the technology is simple to design and build, it is not well proven for domestic wastewater, although new research is promising. The UASB reactor has the potential to produce higher quality effluent than Septic Tank|septic tanks]], and can do so in a smaller reactor volume. Although it is a wellestablished process for large-scale industrial wastewater treatment processes, its application to domestic sewage is still relatively new. Typically it It is often used for brewery, distillery, food processing and pulp and paper waste since the process can typically remove 85% removes 80 to 90% of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). Where the influent is low strengthor where it contains too many solids, proteins or fats, the reactor may not work properly. Temperature will is also affect a key factor affecting the performance. ==Health Aspects/Acceptance== UASB is a centralized treatment technology that must be operated and maintained by professionals. As with all wastewater processesor fats, operators should take proper health and safety measures while working in the plantreactor may not work properly. ==Maintenance== Desludging Temperature is infrequent and only excess sludge is removed once every 2 to 3 years. A permanent operator is required to control and monitor also a key factor affecting the dosing pumpperformance.

==References=Operation & Maintenance=== The UASB is a Centralized Treatment technology that must be operated and maintained by professionals. A skilled operator is required to monitor the reactor and repair parts, e.g., pumps, in case of problems. Desludging is infrequent and only excess sludge is removed every 2 to 3 years.

===References===* Elizabeth Tilley etLettinga, G.al (2008), Roersma, R. [http://wwwand Grin, P.eawag.ch/organisation/abteilungen/sandec/publikationen/publications_sesp/downloads_sesp/compendium_high.pdf Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies] ([http://www.eawag.ch/organisation/abteilungen/sandec/publikationen/publications_sesp/downloads_sesp/compendium_low.pdf low res version]1983). Department Anaerobic Treatment of Water and Sanitation in Development Countries ([http://wwwRaw Domestic Sewage at Ambient Temperatures Using a Granular Bed UASB Reactor.sandec.ch/ Sandec]) at the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science Biotechnology and Technology Bioengineering 25 (Eawag7): 1701-1723. (Provides a full overview of sanitation systems.The first paper describing the process)

* Critesvon Sperling, RM. and Tchobanoglousde Lemos Chernicharo, GC. A. (19982005). Small and decentralized wastewater management systems[https://www.iwapublishing.com/sites/default/files/ebooks/9781780402734.pdf Biological Wastewater Treatment in Warm Climate Regions, Volume One]. WCB and McGraw-HillIWA Publishing, New YorkLondon, USAUK. pp. 741-804. (Short overview.Detailed design information)

* LettingaTare, G., Roersma, RV. and GrinNema, PA. (1983n.d.). Anaerobic Treatment of Raw Domestic Sewage at Ambient Temperatures Using a Granular Bed [http://unapcaem.org/Activities%20Files/A01/UASB%20Technology%20%E2%80%93%20Expectations%20and%20Reality.pdf UASB Reactor Biotechnology Technology – Expectations and Bioengineering 25 (7): 1701–1723Reality]. United Nations Asian and Pacific Centre for Agricultural Engineering and Machinery, Beijing, CN. (The first paper describing the process.Assessment of UASB installations in India)

* SasseTchobanoglous, G., Burton, F. L. and Stensel, H. D. (19982004). DEWATSWastewater Engineering: Decentralised Wastewater Treatment in Developing Countries. BORDA, Bremen Overseas Research and Development AssociationReuse, BremenMetcalf & Eddy, Germany4th Ed. (Short overviewInternat. Ed.).McGraw-Hill, New York, US. pp. 1005-1016. (Book; Detailed description and design information)

* von SperlinUlrich, MA. (Ed.), Reuter, S. (Ed.), Gutterer, B. (Ed.), Sasse, L., Panzerbieter, T. and de Lemos ChernicharoReckerzügel, CAT. (20052009). Biological [https://wedc-knowledge.lboro.ac.uk/resources/books/DEWATS_-_Chapter_01.pdf Decentralised Wastewater Treatment Systems (DEWATS) and Sanitation in Warm Climate RegionsDeveloping Countries. Volume OneA Practical Guide]. IWAWEDC, Loughborough University, LondonLeicestershire, pp 741–804UK. (Detailed design informationShort overview)

* TareVigneswaran, VS. and Nema, ABalasuriya, B. (nL.d)N. UASB Technology-expectations and realityViraraghavan, T. United Nations Asian and Pacific Centre for Agricultural Engineering and Machinery(1986). Available: http[https://unapcaemwww.ircwash.org /sites/default/files/341.2-86AN-2504.pdf Environmental Sanitation Reviews. Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment – Attached Growth and Sludge Blanket Process]. Environmental Sanitation Information Center, AIT, Bangkok, TH. (Assessment of UASB installations in India.Good technical overview – Chapter 5)

* Vigneswaran, S., et al. (1986). Environmental Sanitation Reviews===Acknowledgements==={{: Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment- Attached growth and sludge blanket process. Environmental Acknowledgements Sanitation Information Center, AIT, Bangkok, Thailand. (Chapter 5 provides a good technical overview.)}}