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__NOTOC__[[Image:Rope_pump_icon.png|right]][[Image:An illustration of the basic rope{{Language-pump design in the west circa 1433.jpg|thumb|right|150pxbox|[[english_link= Rope pump| Rope Pump]] first illustrated in the west circa 1433 <ref>Weisbaden, Ludwig, ed. et al. Facsimile of De Ingeineis, Liber Primus Leonis, Liber Secundis Draconis, Addenda [online]. Germany: Satz Und Druck, 1984. Available at: http://digital.library.cornell.edu/k/kmoddl/pdf/037_001.pdf [April 2009]</ref>]][[Image:RopePumpMozambique.JPGfrench_link= Coming soon |thumbspanish_link= Coming soon |righthindi_link= Coming soon |150pxmalayalam_link= Coming soon |[[Rope pumptamil_link= Coming soon | Rope pump]] on a borehole, made in a local workshop in Mozambique ]][[Image:RopePumpvietnam.jpgswahili_link=coming soon |thumbkorean_link= Coming soon |rightchinese_link=绳泵|150pxindonesian_link= Coming soon |[[Rope pump| Rope pump]] used for rice paddy irrigation in Vietnam]][[Image:RopePumpZambia.jpg|thumb|right|150px|[[Rope pump| Rope pump]] used for irrigation in Zambia]][[Image:Rope_pump.PNG|thumb|right|150px|[[Rope pump | Rope pump ]], (Victory model) on a hand-dug of 20 meters deep well, made in a local workshop in northern Ghana ]][[Image:RopePumpBicycle.jpg|thumb|right|150px|[[Rope pump| Rope pump]], bicycle model, produced and used in Nicaragua]][[Image:RopePumpMotor.png|thumb|right|150px|[[Rope pump| Motorized rope pump]], powered by a diesel motor, used for irrigation. Pumping from a 25m well.]][[Image:Rope pump cross section.jpg|thumb|right|150px|[[Rope pump| Rope pump]] Cross section diagram of a rope pump on a capped well]][[Image:Rope_pump_action_diagram.jpg|thumb|right|150px|[[Rope pump| Rope pump]], An illustration of the pumping action of a rope pump]]japanese_link= Coming soon }}

A The modern Rope Pump consist of pump is a highly efficient and low cost pump, it can be produced with local materials and can be truly operated and maintained at a village level. The basic design has a PVC pipe wheel with a continuous loop of rope though it, to which washers are attached which with pistons that fit in the tube with a small clearancein the pump pipe. A The low end of this pipe is at the bottom of the well. By turning the wheel above ground pulls the rope with the washers passes up through the PVC pump pipeand pushes the water up. The water is held between At the washers in top end of the pump pipe, the diameter increases and is pulled to the surface. Rope pumps are very simple, and can be easily repaired. They are used for domestic water supply, irrigation and cattle watering. For wells down to 35 m, rope pumps are often five times cheaper and more sustainable than piston pumps. Rope pumps can be powered by hand, bicycle, motor, horse, or wind powercomes out via a Tee piece.

==History If produced and social context==installed well, Rope pumps prove to be sustainable and now there are 120,000 of these pumps world wide used for communal and domestic water supply, irrigation and cattle watering. Modern models can pump from wells as deep as 35 m and compared to imported hand pumps, Rope pumps are three to five times cheaper. Good quality pumps can last for 20 years or more as is proven in Nicaragua where the first improved models that were installed in 1990 are still working. Rope pumps can be powered by hand, bicycle, motor, horse, or wind power.

==== Origins ====The almost intuitive design is known by many other names , including the paternoster (after the beaded prayer chain it resembles), Noria pump, liberation pump or ropechain-and-washer pump. It is a relatively recent development of but all have the ancient chain-and-washer same pumpprinciple. Evidence of the chain-and-washer this pump principle dates back as far as two thousand years, to feudal China <ref> Fraenkel, Peter, and Thake, Jeremy. Water Lifting Devices, A handbook for users and choosers, 3rd ed. UK, Rugby: Intermediate Technology Publications Ltd, 2006. </ref>. The earliest report of the design in the west is cited <ref> Olsen, J. P. Greek & Roman Mechanical Water-Lifting Devices: The History of a Technology. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press, 1984. </ref> as that illustrated by the Sienese early renaissance engineer, Tacolla, circa 1433 <ref> Tacolla, Mariano. De Ingeineis, Liber Primus Leonis, Liber Secundis Draconis, Addenda. c. 1433, folio 80. </ref>, a copy of which is given in the figure to the right <ref>Weisbaden, Ludwig, ed. et al. Facsimile of De Ingeineis, Liber Primus Leonis, Liber Secundis Draconis, Addenda [online]. Germany: Satz Und Druck, 1984. Available at: http://digital.library.cornell.edu/k/kmoddl/pdf/037_001.pdf [April 2009]</ref>. In the 1970 and 80s the basic design was developed by numerous individuals, the most prominent of which were Alberts <ref>Alberts, J. H. The rope-pump - an example of technology transfer. Waterlines, January 2004, Vol. 22 (3), 22-25.</ref>, Haemhouts <ref>Sandiford, Peter, et al. The Nicaraguan Rope-pump. Waterlines, January 1993, Vol. 11 (3).</ref> and Lambert <ref>Lambert, R. A. How to build a rope-and-washer pump. London: Intermediate Technology Design Group, 1990.</ref>. and Thorpe. They applied the simple design as a tool aimed at economic and social development. They took advantage of low cost and versatile modern plastics to produce the modern rope-pump design.

==== Recent Experience ====Because [http://www.washdoc.info/docsearch/title/118633 Water Lifting Devices, A handbook for users and choosers], 3rd ed. UK, Rugby: Intermediate Technology Publications Ltd, 2006.</ref>. The earliest report of the design in the west is cited <ref> Olsen, J. P. [https://utorontopress.com/us/greek-and-roman-mechanical-water-lifting-devices-1 Greek & Roman Mechanical Water-Lifting Devices: The History of a Technology]. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press, 1984. </ref> as that illustrated by the Sienese early renaissance engineer, Tacolla, circa 1433 <ref> Tacolla, Mariano. ''De Ingeineis'', Liber Primus Leonis, Liber Secundis Draconis, Addenda. c. 1433, folio 80. </ref>, a copy of which is given in the figure to the right <ref>Weisbaden, Ludwig, ed. et al. [http://digital.library.cornell.edu/k/kmoddl/pdf/037_001.pdf Facsimile of its low costDe Ingeineis], Liber Primus Leonis, Liber Secundis Draconis, Addenda [online]. Germany: Satz Und Druck, 1984. [April 2009]</ref>. In the 1970 and 80s the basic design was adapted by numerous individuals, the most prominent of which were R. van Tijen of Demotech, J. Haemhouts <ref>Sandiford, Peter, et al. [http://www.washdoc.info/docsearch/title/116194 The Nicaraguan Rope-pump]. ''Waterlines'', January 1993, Vol. 11 (3).</ref> <ref> Lammerink, M.P. et al. [http://www.ircwash.org/resources/evaluation-report-nicaraguan-experiences-rope-pump is also popular for domestic use-final-report EVALUATION REPORT NICARAGUAN EXPERIENCES WITH ROPE PUMP] The Netherlands: IRC, 1995. </ref> and R. Lambert <ref>Lambert, R. A survey among 5,025 rural families in Nicaragua indicates that . [http://www.washdoc.info/docsearch/title/110481 How to make a rope -and-washer pump increases income]. London: Intermediate Technology Design Group, even if used for domestic purposes only1990.</ref>. Families with They applied the simple design as a tool aimed at economic and social development. They took advantage of low cost and versatile modern plastics to produce the modern rope-pump earn US$ 220 per year more than families without design. They applied this pump as a homemade, low lift pump. In However the early models did not really take off and a successful scaling up of the Rope pump only started in 1988 in Nicaragua where the pump was technically improved by Van Hemert of the pumps are now being organization SNV and Alberts of Bombas de mecate. They made it into a compact metal model fit for commercial sales, produced commercially and sold by 20 workshopslocal private companies. V. Hemert and Alberts <ref>Alberts, J. H. [http://www.ircwash.org/sites/default/files/Alberts-2004-Rope.pdf The rope-pump - an example of technology transfer]. ''Waterlines'', January 2004, Vol. 22 (3), 22-25.</ref> Holtslag.

==Suitable conditions ==A [[Image:An illustration of the basic rope -pump can be used to draw water from wells or boreholesdesign in the west circa 1433. Applications include communal wellsjpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Rope pump| Rope Pump]] first illustrated in the west circa 1433 <ref>Weisbaden, householdsLudwig, irrigationed. et al. [http://digital.library.cornell.edu/k/kmoddl/pdf/037_001.pdf Facsimile of De Ingeineis], Liber Primus Leonis, Liber Secundis Draconis, Addenda [online]. Germany: Satz Und Druck, and cattle watering1984.[April 2009]</ref>]]

===Suitable conditions===[[Image:horse rope pump.jpg|thumb|right|200px|'''Horse Rope pump''', powered by horses or donkeys. Pumps from wells to 65 m deep. Pump capacity 5 times more than a hand powered model. Used in Nicaragua. Photo: Henk Holtslag]]A Rope pump can be used to draw water from large diameter hand dug wells of 3 meters to boreholes as small as 6 cm. One person can draw water up to from 35 mdeep, two persons can pump to 60m from 60 m deep (using a second crank)and if powered by an engine it can pump from 100 meters or more. A rope Rope pump can be driven by hand, windmill, motor, bicycle, and animals, wind or engines. A rope If well made, a hand Rope pump can pump 40 delivers 35 litres / min from 10 meters depthand halve of that if the well is 20 metres deep. Rope Pumps can be [http://www.mawama.org/rope-pump/rope-pump-efficiency very efficient] but typically have an efficiencies of 65%, [http://www.mawama.org/rope-pump/rope-pump-efficiency model equations of the rope pump] confirm the best rope speed to around 1.2m/s and the piston spacing to be 1m. Hand pump models are most commonly used at depths less than 35m.

Some 70,000 rope Rope pumps are now in use in Nicaragua, 2010,000 in countries like Mexico, Honduras, Guatemala, El Salvadorand Bolivia. 30, 000 in African countries like Ethiopia, Ghana, Senegal, Tanzania, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Malawi and 6000 in Cambodia, and India, Vietnam, and others. In total, the Rope pump is used in over 30 25 countries.

The Rope pump can be used by is most suitable for single families, or but is also often used for communities up to 20 families (100 150 people).

{{procontable | proborder="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center"|-! width="50%" style="background:#efefef;" | Advantages! style="background:#f0f8ff;" | Disadvantages|- Significantly cheaper (up to 5 times) than piston pumps. <br>| valign="top" | - If made well, one pump can supply up to 250 people as experiences in Nicaragua, Ghana and other countries indicate. HoweverSimple, suggested use is for maximum of 20 families (100 people) no “black box” <br> - Easy to maintain. <br>- Easy to train on production, maintenance. <br>- Can be made locally by workshop. workshops <br> - Significantly (5 to 8 times) cheaper than imported piston pumps for the same depth <br> - Rotating movement, no dynamic force like in piston pumps<br> - Pump parts in the wells plastic and concrete (no corrosion) <br> - Rotating shaft, easy to power by bicycle, animals, windmills, electric motors or combustion engines <br> - Ideal to be used by one or two families in a shallow well on their own yard. <br>- Can be used Fit for irrigation and , therefore used as income generation. <br>- Can be driven by handIf made well, windmillone pump can supply up to 250 people as is the experience in Nicaragua, motorTanzania, bicycleMalawi and other countries. However, animals. <br>suggested use is for maximum of 20 families (150 people)

| convalign= "top" | - The rope pump It is simple which is easy good but also leads to copy, but bad copying (materials, construction) leads to resulting in early break down.and bad image <br>- Lack of Requires frequent maintenance and installation errorslike oiling the bushings, can lead if not leads to early wearing out or and breakage of pump partshandle <br>- A “blocking system” is needed on the handle to avoid return of the handle, if not the "spinning back" of the handle which can be dangerous, especially for children.<br>- It cannot pump higher than the pump outlet <br>- Compared to piston pumps the rope pumps Rope pump is semi-open at the top which in theory, can cause contamination of the well. (if well made this is hardly a problem in practice) <br> - The Rope pump splashes morethan piston pumps.<br>- Not suitable as a community pump for more communities larger than 20 families.<br>}|}

==Technical specification=Construction, operations and maintenance===With different depths[[Image:Rope_pump_action_diagram.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Rope pump| Rope pump]], different sizes An illustration of the pumping action of a rope pump pipes are needed. However, otherwise this drawing needs adaptation. The pipe diameter at and above the pumping becomes to heavyTee piece should be larger than the pump pipe. This is essential for good functioning of the pump. See manuals on websites Now most of the water will come out at the top!]]of [http[Image://wwwRope_pump.practicafoundationPNG|thumb|right|200px|[[Rope pump | Rope pump]], (Victory model) on a hand-dug of 20 meters deep well, made in a local workshop in northern Ghana.nl/library/manuals/ Practica Foundation] and [httpPhoto://wwwNetherlands Water Partnership.connectinternational.nl/english/smartmodules/smart-tec/pumps/ropepumpproduction Connect International].<br>]

Many different types of rope With deeper wells, smaller diameter pump existpipes are needed, powered by handotherwise the pumping becomes too heavy. See manuals on websites of [http://practica.org/publications/ Practica Foundation], bicycle[http://www.connectinternational.nl/english/smartmodules/smart-tec/pumps/ropepumpproduction Connect International], wind, horse, etcand [http://www.ropepumps.org ropepumps.org].<br>

Similar to piston pumpsMany different types of rope pump exist, a cement slab and a good soak away are needed to avoid splash water becoming a cause for pollutionpowered by hand, bicycle, wind, horse, [http://www.mawama.org/rope-pump/powered-rope-pump/solar-pv-powered-rope-pump solar] etc.

==== Design ====* Pumping depth (Lift): 0 Similar to 30m * Cylinder diameter: 28 mm piston pumps, a cement slab and a good soak away are needed to 42 mm, depending on depth* Piston: Plastic pistons spaced at 1 m* Yield: (75 watt input, at 5 m head) ~ 4.5 m³/hour * Population/field area served: 0.25 hectare * Type avoid splash water and recontamination of the water in the well: dug well or borehole.

====Manufacturing and MaterialsDesign====The * Pumping depth (Lift): 0 to 35 m * Cylinder diameter: (pump pipe) 32 mm for 1 to 10 metres deep, 25 mm for 10 to 20 metres deep and 19 mm for 20 to 35 metres deep* Pistons: Rubber or HD PE (plastic) pistons spaced at 1 m* Yield: (50 watt input) at a 10 m head the yield is 2 m³/hour. [http://www.mawama.org/rope-pump/rope -pump -efficiency Model equations can be produced with locally available standard materials and local skills, such as an artisan workshopfound here] * Population/field area served: Max 150 people or irrigation of 0.1 hectare * Type of well: dug well of 3 metres to borehole of 6 to 20 cm diameter

The frame is welded from mild steelRope pump can be made in any country since the design can be adapted to the materials that are locally available. The handle axle is a mild steel pipe (some design use bearingsAfter due training it can be produced, either ball bearings by small or wooden bearings, other employ medium metal companies or blacksmiths that have a steel bushingwelding machine and standard hand tools. The pulley wheel Although simple does not mean easy. It is assembled by fitting essential to build the cut-off sides of a tyre on a rim, which generates a nice 'v' shape which provides good traction on the ropepump with 10 basic design rules. The ropes are made of Polyethylene, Polypropylene, or Polyamide fibres varying from Ø 4 to Ø 8 mm(See [http://www. Natural fibres are not suitable, as they will lengthen when wet, and degrade too fastropepumps. The pistons are injection moulded plastic with no sealorg ropepumps. The rising main are PVC pipes ranging from 20-50mm diameter (depending on liftorg] FAQs). The guide box can be made of concrete with a ceramic insert (some designs use cast In general, training is needed for good quality in glass bottles)production and, as important, or made of wood with a pvc lininggood installation.

====Installation==== The installation pump frame is made of galvanized pipes or mild steel. The handle is a galvanized steel pipe with metal bushings (there are also designs with ball bearings, or wooden bushings). The pulley wheel is made of the Rope pump is easy sides of a used car tire and mounted with clamps and does spokes on the handle. The wheel should have a sharp 'v' shape to get a good traction on the rope. The ropes are made of Polyethylene, Polypropylene, or Polyamide fibers varying from Ø 4 to Ø 8 mm. Natural fibers are not need any lifting equipment suitable, as they will stretch when wet, and degrade too fast. The pistons are made of the side of the siude of a used car tire or special toolsinjection molded HD polyethylene. The pumps rising main are generally installed in dug wells but also versions that fit into boreholes are availablePVC pipes with wall thickness of 1.5 to 2 mm and diameters of 20 to 50 mm (depending on depth of the water level). The guide box is made of concrete (with a ceramic piece or small glass bottle as turning point), galvanized pipe or wood with a PVC turning point.

Maintenance is limited, and consist mainly One of the main strengths of repairing the rope or handle. Evaluations show Rope pump is that rope pumps on communal wells maintenance and repairs are relatively simple and can easily and genuinely be maintained done at village level by the users under certain conditionslocal technicians. One Because of the main conditions is a very high level of community coherence local production, spares are available and responsibilityknowledge to do repairs. If The most frequent repairs consist of replacing the rope pump technology is introduced properly, like often is and pistons and weekly oiling of the case with bushings. The installation and repairs of the Zimbabwe Elephant Rope pumppart does not require special tools, up to 90% of rope pumps remain operational, even after many yearsand pump pipes are very light so no need for any lifting equipment.

====Motorized rope pumps====Most common diesel Although easy and simple, it is important that users are instructed in why and how to maintain and petrol repair their pump. Evaluations show that pumps are suction (including Rope pumps that can pump from shallow ) on communal wells down have a tendency to 7 mfail for reasons like a lack of ownership and problems with generating funds for repairs and replacements. deepSee example of Ghana, below. Pumping from deeper wells requires generator pump sets or long-shaft diesel If Rope pumps are produced and installed properly (and if the users have ownership), 90% of Rope pumps remain operational, even after many years as is proven by pumps costing US$ 800 or morein Nicaragua, Zimbabwe Tanzania, Malawi and other countries. Where there Compared to piston pumps the repairs of Rope pumps is electricitysimpler and cheaper, plus because of local production, submersible pumps can be used but many small farmers do not have electricityspares are available.

Motorised rope ====Other Rope pump models====Besides hand powered Rope pumps there are models powered by Pedals, Horse, Wind, Electric motor or petrol engines. Common available petrol pumps are suction pumps can pump from deep for shallow wells, up down to 60m7 m.<ref>[http://wwwdeep.practicafoundation.nl/products/pumps/motorized-ropeDeeper wells require generator pump sets or long-pump/ Information on Motorized rope shaft diesel pumps on the website of Practica Foundation]</ref> This model combines a rope pump with an electric motor costing US$ 1000 or petrol engine. Pump parts and other elements of the structure can be produced in local workshops, the engines are often importedmore.

If combined with a locally available Where there is electricity, submersible pumps can be used but these are relatively expensive and many small petrol engine farmers do not have electricity. Motorized Rope pumps can pump from wells down to 60m <ref>[http://www.practica.org/products/pumps/motorized-rope-pump/ Information on Motorized rope pumps] from the Practica Foundation</ref> Similar to the Hand pump model, it can be produced in local workshops using engines that are common in the country. The cost of a motorised deep-well Motor Rope pump can be is 600 US$ 450. This is far cheaper then than long-shaft diesel pumps or submersible pumps and this cost with the advantage that in case of emergency, the pump can even be less when Chinese engines powered by hand. Similar to the hand powered model, maintenance and repairs are relatively easy. There are usedmotorized Rope pumps in Niger, Ethiopia and Nicaragua.

Similar to hand rope pumps, the pump part can be maintained and repaired by the users. The motorised rope pump is being tested in Columbia and Nicaragua.  ==Cost=Costs===* The Hand Rope Pump costs pumps cost between US$ 30-150 depending on model, location of production, and cost of materials and labour.

==Country =Field experiences===In 2008[[Image:RopePumpBicycle.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Rope pump| Pedal Rope pump]], rope pumps are bicycle model, produced and used in over 30 countriesNicaragua]][[Image:RopePumpMotor.png|thumb|right|200px|[[Rope pump| Motor Rope pump]], powered by a diesel motor, used for irrigation. Pumping from a 25m well. Photo: Netherlands Water Partnership.]][[Image:RopePumpZambia. Below the experiences jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Rope pump| Hand Rope pump]] used for irrigation in NicaraguaZambia]][[Image:Rope pump cross section.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Rope pump| Rope pump]] Cross section diagram of a Rope pump with a complete wheel cover, Zimbabwe 95% of the Rope pumps have a small wheel cover to reduce cost and Ghana are listedmake maintenance easier. Also water quality of semi-covered Rope pumps is the same as completely closed Rope pumps.]]

<b>Nicaragua</b>Some 70Because of its low cost, the pump is also popular for [[Self Supply|Self Supply]].000 rope pumps have been installed since 1990. The shift from imported piston pumps of 600$ to locally produced rope pumps of 70$ has doubled A survey among 5,025 rural water supply families in ten yearsNicaragua indicates that an Rope pump increases family income, much faster even if used for domestic purposes only. Families with a pump on their well earn an average US$ 220 more per year more than countries that apply piston pumpsfamilies who use a rope and a bucket on their well. Users do the maintenance and over 95% of the In Nicaragua pumps remain in operation. The rope pump has been adopted as the standard water pump are now being produced commercially by the governmentsome 10 workshops.

<b>Zimbabwe</b>A rope pump model called the Elephant Pump was Different models of Rope pumps were introduced by in Africa. This introduction has not always been successful as described above. In Ghana, 80% of the organisation Pump Aid pumps did not work after one year and in 1990Ethiopia, Uganda and Mozambique there were similar problems with pumps being installed for large communities. The main difference However, with the traditional rope pump is the solid round structure around the wheel"right" models, to protect the well "right" user training and willingness of users to avoid splashing. Now some 3pay for repairs, up to 90% remain in operation also in Africa,000 pumps serve 950as the Victory pump model in Ghana,000 people the Elephant model in Zimbabwe and some 95% of the SHIPO Model in Tanzania and Malawi prove. In 2013, Rope pumps are workingwere used in over 30 countries. Many more pumps Below are planned to be installed before 2015 and if this can be realized, this will reach 3 million more peoplethe experiences in several countries.

<b>Ghana</b> ====Nicaragua====Some 70.000 rope pumps have been installed since 1988. The first experiences with shift from imported piston pumps of $600 to locally produced rope pumps of $100 has doubled rural water supply in Ghana were discouragingten years, much faster than countries that applied imported hand Piston pumps. In a World Bank funded project, 80Users do the maintenance and over 95% did not function after one year because of lack of user involvement and production errorsthe Rope pumps remain in operation. After improvements some 1.600 pumps were installedThe Rope pump has been adopted as the standard water pump by the government.

<b>Malawi, Blantyre trials</b>Several rope Some 80% of the Rope pumps were introduced in order to provide Nicaragua are used for one or a better alternative few families for the Afridev Community handpump, which is the standard handpump in Malawi[[Self Supply|self supply]]. The Afridev economic effect of family pumps is not popular due to many breakdowns and not available spare parts, especially a total generated income of over 100 million US$ in the more remote areaslast 12 years. However, the rope pumps also broke down many times, sometimes several times per month, due to the high number Families with a pump earn an average of users and was therefor not considered by the users as 220 US$ more than families without a good alternative for a community pump, although repairs were possibleon their well (Investigation by CESADE/ICCO at 5015 families). Another disadvantage mentionned was that children found it difficult to pump and sometimes got hurt when The extra income is explained by the handle security break system was not functioning (in fact that case the handle turns back with as soon as families have a high speed due to the weight of pump near the house, women save time, more water in the riser pipeis used (so more hygiene). The communities now prefer a more reliable handpump than the Afridevand water is used for animals, with less need for sparesgarden irrigation and reducing health related costs and generating extra income.

<b>Mozambique</b>====Zimbabwe====As in Malawi, A Rope pump model called the rope pump Elephant Pump was seen as a viable alternative to introduced by the Afridev which organisation Pump Aid in 1990. The main difference with other Rope pump models is generally the official solid round concrete structure around the pump of choice. WaterAid had first introduced a bucket and windlass system in the Niassa provice as an alternative due , to protect the high failure rate of Afridev pumps, but the Mozambican government refused well and to accept these as official community water suppliesavoid splashing and recontamination. WaterAidNow some 3, in partnership with the Swiss Agency for Development Cooperation (SDC)000 pumps serve 950, UNICEF, CARE 000 people and the Government of Mozambique, therefore began a lengthy process some 95% of piloting a robust community rope pump, first relying on support from Bombas de Mecate in Nicaragua, but later adapting the design from Madagascarpumps are working. The new model meets a number of key well protection and water quality criteria set down by the development team. Three manufacturers Many more pumps are now planned to be installed in operation in three provinces these countries before 2015 and through a process of skill sharing improvements have been made to the design resulting in a robust high quality modelif this can be realized, these pumps together will reach 1 million people. A manufacturing standard has also been produced with the help of SKAT. The final stages of this process are currently underway which include the final approval of the pump as well as the licensing of the manufacturers by the Governments standards laboratory.

There are now more than 300 ====Ghana====The first experiences with rope pumps in Ghana were discouraging. In a World Bank funded project, 80% did not function after one year because of lack of user involvement and production errors. In the year 2000 some 200 pumps were installed across three provinces (Niassa, Cabo Delgado . After 1 year 80% of these pumps were defect. Major reasons were errors in construction and installation and Zambezia)lack of funds for follow up so there was no ownership created and in Niassa particularly WaterAid funded projects continues to offer communities hence a lack of maintenance. These problems caused a choice bad image of either this pump type in Ghana and the government did not approve of this pump type. In other parts of Ghana other Rope Pump of pump models were installed Like the AfridevVictoria model produced in Bolgatanga and Pumping is life model on boreholes. In addition Better quality and good community involvement resulted in much better results and most of the installed new model Rope pumps are monitored twice per year working. The Rope pumps in order to better understand northern Ghana were among others supported by Water Aid. The good results of the new pumps slowly improve the image of the Rope pump in Ghana again. After improvements some 1.600 pumps sustainabilitywere installed.

<b>====Burkina Faso</b>====WaterAid in Burkina Faso is also currently developing a rope Rope pump model suitable to local conditions. This project has resulted in a renewed understanding across WaterAid of the need to ensure that rope Rope pumps destined for community water supplies require high quality manufacturing and installation techniques in order to improve their sustainability. WaterAid now intends to renew its efforts across the organisation organization to improving the quality of rope pumps in countries where this is supported. A training course for manufacturers from Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mali, Zambia and Malawi was held in early 2010 as part of this process. A recent interesting development in Burkina Faso has been the redesign of the bottom guide box to include a non-return valve (foot valve) thereby ensuring that water is immediately available from the first turn of the pump handle. This is currently being piloted on a few pumps. Another organization, Winrock, started trainings in other local workshops and installed Rope pumps of the SHIPO model in communities up to 150 people in 2012 and 2013. Some 100 are installed at the end of 2013 and 98% are functioning. ====Akvo RSR projects===={|style="border: 2px solid #e0e0e0; width: 20%; text-align: justify; background-color: #e9f5fd;" cellpadding="2"<!--rsr logo here-->|- style="vertical-align: top"|[[Image:akvorsr logo_lite.png|center|60px|link=http://akvo.org/products/rsr/]]<!--project blocks here-->|- style="vertical-align: bottom"|[[Image:project 1349.jpg |thumb|center|140px|<font size="2"><center>[http://rsr.akvo.org/project/1349/ RSR Project 1349]<br>Safe water <br>for Wajir</center></font>|link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/1349/]] |} <br> ===Manuals, videos and links=======Manuals====* Jan Nederstigt, Arjen van der Wal. [http://www.practica.org/wp-content/uploads/services/publications/Rope%20pump%20manuels/ropepump%20manual%20EN%20full.pdf Rope Pump: Low Cost Pump Series. TECHNICAL TRAINING HANDBOOK ON ROPE PUMP PRODUCTION, INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE]. Practica Foundation. August 2011 (3rd edition). French version: [http://www.practica.org/wp-content/uploads/services/publications/Rope%20pump%20manuels/ropepump%20manual%20FR%20full.pdf A POMPE A CORDE: Séries de la pompe à moindre coût.] * [http://www.practica.org/wp-content/uploads/PDF/practica-180306-rope-pump-manual-ethiopia-march-2006-complete1.pdf Rope Pump production manual], produced by [http://www.practica.org PRACTICA] and [http://www.etc-international.org/index.php?id=41ETC ETC Foundation]. It has 86 pages and contains detailed instructions. * Construction manual [http://www.connectinternational.nl/english/smartmodules/smart-tec/pumps/ropepumpproduction SHIPO Model, Connect International]. * ERPF, K. (2006) [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/resources/details/338 Installation and Maintenance Manual for Rope Pumps], Skat, Rural Water Supply Network, St Gallen, Switzerland.

A recent interesting development *ERPF, K. (2006) Manufacturing Guidelines for the Production of Rope Pumps in Burkina Faso has been the reMozambique. Skat, Rural Water Supply Network, St Gallen, Switzerland [http://www.rural-water-design of the bottom guide box to include a nonsupply.net/en/resources/details/340 English], [http://www.rural-return valve (foot valve) thereby ensuring that water is immediately available from the first turn of the pump handle-supply. This is currently being piloted on a few pumpsnet/en/resources/details/341 Portuguese].

==Manuals==* [http://wwwRANDRIANASOLO, A.practicafoundation.nl/wp-content/uploads/PDF/practica-180306-rope-pump-manual-ethiopia-march-2006-complete1.pdf Rope Pump production manual]and ERPF, produced by [http://www.practicafoundationK.nl/ PRACTICA] and (2004) [http://www.etcrural-water-internationalsupply.orgnet/index.php?id=41ETC ETC Foundation]. It has 86 pages and contains detailed instructions.* Construction manual [http:en/resources/details/www.connectinternational337 Madagascar Rope Pump Specification.nl/english/smartmodules/smartFirst Edition 0 -tec/pumps/ropepumpproduction Connect International2004], Skat, Rural Water Supply Network, St Gallen, Switzerland.

==Movies==* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?vVideos=-o9jzEcu57A Rope pumps around the world (Connect International, Netherlands, 2008)]* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=06JoZlo77gk Small scale irrigation with a rope pump, Zambia (Connect International, Netherlands, 2008)]* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pvHtqsUIoDs Hand drilled borehole and rope pump in Tanzania (Connect International, Netherlands, 2008)]* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E1qIdvH1bvM Windmill powered rope pump in Nicaragua (S.J. Batchelor, 1999)]* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9wWLuX8pmNA Rope Pump animation (Resource Development International Cambodia, RDI)]* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KTuqHEVo2TA&feature=channel_page Motorized rope pump on platform in Ethiopia, used to fill an overhead tank]* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-YE42YdLHVI&feature=channel_page Motorized rope pump in Burkina Faso, used for smalls scale irrigation.]* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BJVNBoGF968 Rope pump documentary part 1]* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dGVvdcl4z8I Rope pump documentary part 2]

====External links====[[Image:RopePumpvietnam.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Rope pump| Rope pump]] used for rice paddy irrigation in Vietnam]][[Image:wind rope pump.jpg|thumb|right|200px|'''Wind Rope pump''' used in Nicaragua, produced by AMEC]] * [http://www.ropepumps.org/ www.ropepumps.org website](English and Spanish)* [http://www.ircropepump.nlcom/page/31886 Rope pumps: out-perform conventional handpumps on most counts in Ghana testropepump.com]. Article on IRC.(Spanish)* [http://www.ircircwash.nlorg/pagesites/15380 Rope default/files/Sutton-2009-Transferring.pdf Transferring the rope pumpto Africa: local production A long and installation capacity being developed in Senegalwinding road?]. Article on IRC.*[http://www.rwsn.ch/prarticle.2005rural-10water-25supply.9856177177net/prarticle.2005en/sustainable-10groundwater-26.2582788867management/prarticle.2008-12-04.2105225472 pumps Overview of community handpumps hand pumps at the RWSN website]* [http://www.rwsnrural-water-supply.chnet/documentationen/skatdocumentation.2005-11-15.3234222147resources/details/file 289 Low-cost pump alternatives for rural communities in Honduras (rope- and EMAS pumps), SKAT website]

* [http://www.ropepump.com www.ropepump.com] * [http://www.ideas-at-work.org/IdeasRopePump.html Ideas at Work, Cambodia]

* [http://www.rwsnrural-water-supply.chnet/documentationen/prcollector.2009-04-05.2482958002resources/skatdocumentation.2011-07-01.0268979788details/file 307 'Low Cost HandpumpsHand pumps' RWSN Field Note 2011-3]* [http://www.ropepump.com/ Rope Pumps (Nicaragua)]* [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/resources/details/337 Rope Pumps (Madagascar)]* RWSN: The Rope Pump Concept [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/resources/details/294 English], [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/resources/details/296 French], [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/resources/details/336 Portuguese]

===References===