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Practitioner's Tool / Primary Treatment Methods

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{| cellspacing="10" cellpadding="110" border="1" style="width: 100%"
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| '''Primary Treatment'''<br/>| '''Appropriate Use'''<br/> | '''Relative Cost'''<br/>| '''Operations and Maintenance'''<br/>| '''Effectiveness'''<br/>
|-
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle" |
[[File:Primtreatpic.png|thumb|right|100px|link=Septic Tanks]]<br/> 
[[Septic_Tanks|Septic Tanks]]
 
| Residential or commercial sources with a population loading of less than 25 people<br/>
| Low - Can be constructed using local materials and labor<br/>
| Needs to be de-sludged every 3 to 5 years<br/> 
| Moderate - Can reduce 40% to 60% of pollution loading<br/>
|-
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle" |
[[File:Sewlag1.jpg|thumb|rightnone|100px|link=Sewage Lagoons]]<br/> 
[[Sewage_Lagoons|Sewage Lagoons]]
 
| Small community or institutional sources, such as hospitals. Must be located well away from residential communities due to potential for odors and nuisances<br/>
| Low for areas where available land is plentiful and low value<br/> | Low - Systems still require routine operation and maintenance tasks such as monitoring, weed and trash removal, scum and biosolids management<br/> 
| Can be very effective as primary treatment devices. May also be designed for secondary treatment<br/>
|-
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle" |
[[File:Abr1.jpg|thumb|rightnone|100px|link=Anaerobic Baffled Reactors (ABRs)]]<br/> 
[[Anaerobic_Baffled_Reactors_(ABRs)|Anaerobic Baffled Reactors]]
 
| Residential or commercial facilities with a population loading of between 25 and 200 people<br/>
| Low - May be constructed with local materials and labor<br/>
|-
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle" |
[[File:Biogas 2.jpg|thumb|rightnone|100px|link=Biogas Systems]]<br/> 
[[Biogas_Systems|Biogas Systems]]
 
| For animal manure or other high strength waste.&nbsp; Can be used for small community systems that combine waste from fish and animal operations, people and commercial activities<br/>
| Moderate - Some systems require tight specifications on construction<br/>
| Moderate - Take care to ensure the source wastewater is free of chemicals or disinfectants which can kill microbes that produce biogas<br/> | Ineffective for human waste only.&nbsp; When waste includes animal manure, may produce enough biogas to meet cooking fuel demands 
|}
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