Difference between revisions of "除泥-亚洲除泥法"

From Akvopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
(Created page with "80px 亚洲除泥法的横切面 Image:Asian sludge.jpg|thumb|right|200px|...")
 
 
(5 intermediate revisions by one other user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
 +
{{Language-box|english_link= Sludging - Asian sludge | french_link= Coming soon | spanish_link= Coming soon | hindi_link= Coming soon | malayalam_link= Coming soon | tamil_link= Coming soon | swahili_link=coming soon | korean_link= Coming soon | chinese_link=除泥-亚洲除泥法 | indonesian_link= Coming soon | japanese_link= Coming soon }}
 +
 
[[Image:Icon_sludge.png|right|80px]]
 
[[Image:Icon_sludge.png|right|80px]]
 
[[Image:Cross section of an Asian sludge.jpg|thumb|right|200px| 亚洲除泥法的横切面]]
 
[[Image:Cross section of an Asian sludge.jpg|thumb|right|200px| 亚洲除泥法的横切面]]
 
[[Image:Asian sludge.jpg|thumb|right|200px|亚洲除泥法]]
 
[[Image:Asian sludge.jpg|thumb|right|200px|亚洲除泥法]]
 
[[Image:Asian sludge in action.jpg|thumb|right|200px| 正在使用亚洲除泥法]]
 
[[Image:Asian sludge in action.jpg|thumb|right|200px| 正在使用亚洲除泥法]]
__NOTOC__ <small-title />
+
 
 
除泥是一种人工钻取技术,使用这种技术时,水循环将钻屑带到地表。钻杆上下移动。在下冲程中,钻头将土壤钻得疏松,而在上冲程中,钻杆的顶端由把手(或阀门)关闭,通过钻杆来抽取水并将钻屑转移到地表。在下一个下冲程中,通过把手(或阀门)将钻杆的顶端打开,水喷射至水井前面的坑中。在坑中,钻屑与水分离并沉淀,同时水从坑中流出,从而流回水井。   
 
除泥是一种人工钻取技术,使用这种技术时,水循环将钻屑带到地表。钻杆上下移动。在下冲程中,钻头将土壤钻得疏松,而在上冲程中,钻杆的顶端由把手(或阀门)关闭,通过钻杆来抽取水并将钻屑转移到地表。在下一个下冲程中,通过把手(或阀门)将钻杆的顶端打开,水喷射至水井前面的坑中。在坑中,钻屑与水分离并沉淀,同时水从坑中流出,从而流回水井。   
  
Line 20: Line 22:
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center"
 
|-
 
|-
! width="50%" style="background:#efefef;" | Advantages
+
! width="50%" style="background:#efefef;" | 优势
! style="background:#f0f8ff;" | Disadvantages
+
! style="background:#f0f8ff;" | 劣势
 
|-
 
|-
| valign="top" | - Easy to handle and a temporary casing is normally not needed. It is possible to construct the drilling equipment locally.<br>
+
| valign="top" | - 操作简单,通常无需使用临时套管。可以在当地制作钻井设备。<br>
- Faster as augering or percussion, as the drilling pipe can be easily extended during the drilling process, and does not need to be removed from the borehole during the process.
+
- 比螺旋钻取或冲击钻取速度更快,因为钻杆在钻取过程中可轻易拉长,并且也无需从井眼中移除。
| valign="top" | - The borehole stays open by water pressure. To prevent collapsing, fluid-drilled boreholes must be kept full of water during the entire drilling and well installation process.<br>
+
| valign="top" | - 由于水压作用,井眼不会闭合。为了防止塌陷,必须在钻井和修建过程中保证井眼中充满水。<br>
 
|}
 
|}
  
 +
===修建、运行和维护===
 +
设备很便宜,可在当地制作生产。
  
===Construction, operations and maintenance===
+
===实地经验===
Equipment is very cheap and can be produced locally.
+
主要在印度、孟加拉国、尼泊尔和乍得使用。
 
 
===Field experiences===
 
Mainly used in India, Bangladesh, Nepal and Chad.
 
  
===Manuals, videos and links===
+
===指南、视频和链接===
* [http://ec.europa.eu/echo/files/evaluation/watsan2005/annex_files/PRACTICA/PRACT2%20-%20Rota-sludge%20and%20stone%20hammer%20drilling.pdf Rota-sludge and Stone Hammer drilling, part one: Drilling Manual] by Practica Foundation. [http://www.sswm.info/sites/default/files/reference_attachments/HERWIJNEN%202005%20Rota%20Sludge%20and%20Stone%20Hammer%20Drilling%20Part%20two%20Production%20Manual.pdf Rota-sludge and Stone Hammer drilling, part two: Production Manual] by Practica Foundation.
+
* [http://ec.europa.eu/echo/files/evaluation/watsan2005/annex_files/PRACTICA/PRACT2%20-%20Rota-sludge%20and%20stone%20hammer%20drilling.pdf Rota 除泥法与石锤钻井法,第一部分:钻井指南]Practica Foundation 提供. [http://www.sswm.info/sites/default/files/reference_attachments/HERWIJNEN%202005%20Rota%20Sludge%20and%20Stone%20Hammer%20Drilling%20Part%20two%20Production%20Manual.pdf . Rota 除泥法与石锤钻井法,第二部分:建造指南] Practica Foundation 提供.
  
* Drilling & well construction reference manual, Lifewater Canada, update 2004. Internet manual on hydrogeology, well construction, all drilling techniques, hand pumps and more. [http://www.lifewater.ca/download/Lifewater_Drilling_Manual_2004.pdf Download manual]. Other information can be found on the [http://www.lifewater.ca/ Website of Livewater].
+
* 钻井和修建水井参考指南, 加拿大 Lifewater, 2004年更新. 有关水文地质学、水井修建、钻井技术、手泵等的网络指南. [http://www.lifewater.ca/download/Lifewater_Drilling_Manual_2004.pdf 下载指南]. 其他信息可在 [http://www.lifewater.ca/ Livewater 网站]中查询.
  
* KOEGEL, R. (1985) Self Help Wells, FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper, FAO, Rome.ISBN 92-5-100398-X [http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5567E/X5567E00.htm html version].  
+
* KOEGEL, R. (1985) 自助修建水井,联合国粮食及农业机构(FAO) 灌溉和排水论文, FAO, 罗马.ISBN 92-5-100398-X [http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5567E/X5567E00.htm html 版本].  
  
* [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/implementation/manual-drilling/174-sludging Rural Water Supply Network article on Hand Sludging]
+
* [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/implementation/manual-drilling/174-sludging 有关人工除泥在农村水供应网络的文章]
  
* CARTER, R. C. (2005) Human-Powered Drilling Technologies. an overview of human-powered drilling technologies for shallow small diameter well construction, for domestic and agricultural water supply , Silsoe College , Cranfield University , Bedfordshire, UK [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/resources/details/402 Download]
+
* CARTER, R. C. (2005) 人工钻井技术.人工修建小型浅层水井的技术及家用或农业用水供应概况,塞尔所学院(Silsoe College), 克兰菲尔德大学(Cranfield University), 贝德福德郡, 英国 [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/resources/details/402 下载]
  
* Drilling Boreholes for Hand pumps, Peter Wurzel, Skat, Switzerland, 2001 - A book on hydrogeology, well construction, drilling techniques, well development - [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/resources/details/148 Download]. Website of [http://www.skat.ch SKAT]
+
* 使用手泵钻井, Peter Wurzel, Skat, 瑞士, 2001 - 本书讲述水文地质学、修井、钻井技术和建井工程 - [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/resources/details/148 下载]. [http://www.skat.ch SKAT]网站
  
* Low-cost shallow tube well construction in West Africa, M. Sonau, FAO - An overview of shallow tube well drilling techniques - [http://www.fao.org/docrep/w7314e/w7314e0v.htm website]. Website of [http://www.fao.org/documents/ FAO documents].
+
* 西非低成本管井的修建, M. Sonau, FAO - 浅层管井技术概况 - [http://www.fao.org/docrep/w7314e/w7314e0v.htm 网站]. [http://www.fao.org/documents/ FAO 文档]网站.
  
* Technical note 43. Simple drilling methods, Bob Elson and Rod Shaw, WEDC - An overview of simple drilling methods [http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/resources/technical-briefs/43-simple-drilling-methods.pdf Download]. Website of [http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/resources/technical-briefs/ Loughborough University Technical Briefs section]. Website of [http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/ Loughborough University WELLS].
+
* 技术报告 43. 简易钻井方法, Bob Elson and Rod Shaw, WEDC - 简易钻井方法概况 [http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/resources/technical-briefs/43-simple-drilling-methods.pdf 下载].[http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/resources/technical-briefs/ 拉夫堡大学技术简报]网站. [http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/ 拉夫堡大学水井]网站.
  
* A Water Handbook, Technical Guidelines Series, UNICEF, 1999 - Programming and implementation. [http://www.unicef.org/wash/files/Wat_e.pdf Download].
+
* 用水指南, 技术指南系列, 联合国教科文组织(UNICEF), 1999 - 计划和实施. [http://www.unicef.org/wash/files/Wat_e.pdf 下载].
  
* Technology notes, section 7; Tube wells and boreholes, WaterAid - An overview of human-powered drilling technologies. [https://www.dropbox.com/s/dc2lhxx7p657i2v/WaterAid_technology_notes.pdf?dl=0 Download]. Website of [http://www.wateraid.org/uk Wateraid.org].
+
* 技术报告, 第7节; 管井和井眼, WaterAid - 人工钻井技术概况. [https://www.dropbox.com/s/dc2lhxx7p657i2v/WaterAid_technology_notes.pdf?dl=0 下载]. [http://www.wateraid.org/uk Wateraid.org]网站.
  
* Multi-service procedures for well-drilling operations, field manual chapter 9, US Military Chapter 9, alternative well construction, manual drilling techniques - [http://navybmr.com/study%20material/14080a/14080A_ch9.pdf Download].
+
* 钻井操作的多重业务流程, 实地指南第9章, 美国军事第9章, 其他建井和人工钻井技术 - [http://navybmr.com/study%20material/14080a/14080A_ch9.pdf 下载].
  
===Acknowledgements===
+
===鸣谢===
* The basis for the material on this page was obtained from a desk study shortly to be published on the website of the [http://www.practica.org Practica Foundation], and from the [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/ Rural Water Supply Network], and specifically its [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/implementation/manual-drilling manual drilling section].
+
* 本页的材料源于即将在 [http://www.practica.org Practica Foundation]网站中发表的初步研究以及[http://www.rural-water-supply.net/ Rural Water Supply Network]中的初步研究, 尤其是其中的[http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/implementation/manual-drilling 人工钻井部分].
* [http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/resources/technical-briefs/43-simple-drilling-methods.pdf 43. Simple drilling methods.] WEDC.
+
* [http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/resources/technical-briefs/43-simple-drilling-methods.pdf 43. 简易钻井方法.] WEDC.

Latest revision as of 23:36, 5 September 2016

English Français Español भारत മലയാളം தமிழ் Swahili 한국어 中國 Indonesia Japanese
Icon sludge.png
亚洲除泥法的横切面
亚洲除泥法
正在使用亚洲除泥法

除泥是一种人工钻取技术,使用这种技术时,水循环将钻屑带到地表。钻杆上下移动。在下冲程中,钻头将土壤钻得疏松,而在上冲程中,钻杆的顶端由把手(或阀门)关闭,通过钻杆来抽取水并将钻屑转移到地表。在下一个下冲程中,通过把手(或阀门)将钻杆的顶端打开,水喷射至水井前面的坑中。在坑中,钻屑与水分离并沉淀,同时水从坑中流出,从而流回水井。

由于水压作用,井眼不会闭合。通常往水中添加一些增稠剂(例如黏土、膨润土、甚至是牛粪),以防止洞坍陷并减少作业用水的流失(钻井液)。

适宜条件

适合疏松地层: 沙子、淤泥和黏土。如果旋转(包括使用钻头),有可能穿透更软的压实地层,例如硬黏土、软砂岩和风化红土。

很难钻入更坚硬的地层。为了解决这个问题而发明了Rota 除泥法

无法钻入粗砾石和其他极易透水的材料(地层中的裂缝)会导致作业用水流失。如果在钻至井眼三米之前钻到细砂(流砂),则需要再加一层临时套管和膨胀黏土以防止塌陷。

使用除泥法(无论有无旋转)可钻达35米深。


优势 劣势
- 操作简单,通常无需使用临时套管。可以在当地制作钻井设备。

- 比螺旋钻取或冲击钻取速度更快,因为钻杆在钻取过程中可轻易拉长,并且也无需从井眼中移除。

- 由于水压作用,井眼不会闭合。为了防止塌陷,必须在钻井和修建过程中保证井眼中充满水。

修建、运行和维护

设备很便宜,可在当地制作生产。

实地经验

主要在印度、孟加拉国、尼泊尔和乍得使用。

指南、视频和链接

  • 钻井和修建水井参考指南, 加拿大 Lifewater, 2004年更新. 有关水文地质学、水井修建、钻井技术、手泵等的网络指南. 下载指南. 其他信息可在 Livewater 网站中查询.
  • CARTER, R. C. (2005) 人工钻井技术.人工修建小型浅层水井的技术及家用或农业用水供应概况,塞尔所学院(Silsoe College), 克兰菲尔德大学(Cranfield University), 贝德福德郡, 英国 下载
  • 使用手泵钻井, Peter Wurzel, Skat, 瑞士, 2001 - 本书讲述水文地质学、修井、钻井技术和建井工程 - 下载. SKAT网站
  • 西非低成本管井的修建, M. Sonau, FAO - 浅层管井技术概况 - 网站. FAO 文档网站.
  • 用水指南, 技术指南系列, 联合国教科文组织(UNICEF), 1999 - 计划和实施. 下载.
  • 技术报告, 第7节; 管井和井眼, WaterAid - 人工钻井技术概况. 下载. Wateraid.org网站.
  • 钻井操作的多重业务流程, 实地指南第9章, 美国军事第9章, 其他建井和人工钻井技术 - 下载.

鸣谢