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Watershed Definitions

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Winona moved page WASH Definitions to Watershed Definitions

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| valign="top" style="text-align:left"|Advocacy for Development

|width="90%" style="background:#ededed;"| We define advocacy for development as a ''wide range of activities conducted to influence decision makers at different levels'', with the overall aim of combatting the structural causes of poverty and injustice. This definition follows the widely held belief that CSO advocacy is a tool to fight the causes of poverty or injustice and influence structural change, aiming to change social, political and policy structures and to challenge power structures. This concept of advocacy goes beyond influencing policy and aims for sustainable changes in public and political contexts. This work includes awareness raising, legal actions and public education, as well as building networks, relationships and capacity. (Advocacy for Development, Margit van Wessel et. al., 2016)

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| valign="top" style="text-align:left"|Allies

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| valign="top" style="text-align:left"|Climate resilience

|width="90%" style="background:#ededed;"|can be generally defined as the capacity for a socio-ecological system to: (1) absorb stresses and maintain function in the face of external stresses imposed upon it by climate change and (2) adapt, reorganize, and evolve into more desirable configurations that improve the sustainability of the system, leaving it better prepared for future climate change impacts . (Folke, 2006).

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| valign="top" style="text-align:left"|Ecosystem management

| valign="top" style="text-align:left"|Natural resource management

|width="90%" style="background:#ededed;"|refers to the management of natural resources such as land, water, soil, plants and animals, with a particular focus on how management affects the quality of life for both present and future generations (stewardship). Natural resource management deals with managing the way in which people and natural landscapes interact. It brings together land use planning, water management, biodiversity conservation, and the future sustainability of industries like agriculture, mining, tourism, fisheries and forestry. It recognises that people and their livelihoods rely on the health and productivity of our landscapes, and their actions as stewards of the land play a critical role in maintaining this health and productivity.

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~~| valign="top" style="text-align:left"|Partner~~

|width="90%"|[[Image:stakeholders-partners.png|thumb|right|200px|Stakeholders and partners]] A stakeholder with whom we maintain an ongoing working relationship in which risks and benefits are shared, everyone contributes value (not just financial), and there is co-creation. In the Watershed Programme IRC, Akvo, Simavi and Wetlands International are partners as well as the organisations that we will engage with in a contractual relation. In addition, we may work well together with partners with whom we do not have a (financial) formal relationship.

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| valign="top" style="text-align:left"|Outcome

|width="90%~~" style="background:#ededed;~~"|is a change in the behaviour, relationships, actions, activities, policies or practices of an individual, group, community, organisation or institution. <ref> Further on in the programme, when we monitor the actual outcomes, the outcomes can be positive or negative, intended or unintended but the connection between the initiative and the outcomes should be verifiable. This means we are highly interested to know:* Who did what, when and where differently?* How significant is this change?* What contribution was made by Watershed to the change?</ref> The formulation describes which specific local stakeholder is doing what differently.

For example:

* The CSO G4C is representing the interests of women and men citizens of district x

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| valign="top" style="text-align:left"|Output

|width="90%" style="background:#ededed;"|is the direct result of a programme activity by the country Watershed team. Normally it describes a capacity development activity we have done ourselves, not something local organisations have done.

For example:

* Theory of Change workshop with local stakeholders facilitated

* Connection with global WASH L&A network established

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| valign="top" style="text-align:left"|Partner

|width="90%"|[[Image:stakeholders-partners.png|thumb|right|200px|Stakeholders and partners]] A stakeholder with whom we maintain an ongoing working relationship in which risks and benefits are shared, everyone contributes value (not just financial), and there is co-creation. In the Watershed Programme IRC, Akvo, Simavi and Wetlands International are partners as well as the organisations that we will engage with in a contractual relation. In addition, we may work well together with partners with whom we do not have a (financial) formal relationship.

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| valign="top" style="text-align:left"|Stakeholders

|width="90%" style="background:#ededed;"|are actors who have an interest, expertise or concern in WASH and IWRM. They can be government, non- government, private sector, media, traditional leadership, donors, others - at community, sub-national, national, regional and international level.

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| valign="top" style="text-align:left"|Strategy

|width="90%"|is a programme intervention, under which a number of activities are implemented. A strategy is formulated in quite general terms, what falls under the strategy is still flexible. For example: Capacity building of CSO’s for evidence-based L&A.

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| valign="top" style="text-align:left"|Targets

|width="90%" style="background:#ededed;"| are those stakeholders that we would like to influence to do something differently; to change their policies and practices. Some can become partners.

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| valign="top" style="text-align:left"|Theory of Change

|width="90%" |A theory of change explains why and how we think certain actions will produce desired change in a given context.

In their simplest form, Theories of change are expressed in the following form:

''If we do X (action), then we will produce Y (change/shift towards peace, justice, security)''

Or ''We believe that by doing X (action) successfully, we will produce Y (movement towards a desired goal)''

It is often helpful and clarifying to extend the statement a bit further by adding at least some of the rationale or logic in a ''because'' phrase. This then produces the formula: ''If we do X..., then Y..., because Z...''

Making a theory of change explicit allows us to reveal our assumptions about how change will happen, how and why our chosen strategy or programme will achieve its outcomes and desired impacts, and why it will function better than others in this context. Revealing these assumptions also helps identify gaps and unmet needs, including additional necessary activities or actors that should be engaged. We may also detect activities that are extraneous, weak or that fail to contribute to achieving the overall goal.

Source: Practical Approaches to Theories of Change in Conflict, Security & Justice Programmes, Part I: What they are, different types, how to develop and use them, Peter Woodrow with Nick Oatley, March 2013

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| valign="top" style="text-align:left"|WASH Services

|width="90%" style="background:#ededed;"| refers to the continued, sustainable provision of water, sanitation and hygiene services that meet national norms and standards. Moving the sector from a focus on providing only WASH infrastructure to providing WASH services is a key component of our advocacy work.

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| valign="top" style="text-align:left"|Water governance

|width="90%" | is the set of rules, practices, and processes through which decisions for the management of water resources and services are taken and implemented, and decision-makers are held accountable. (OECD, 2015)

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| valign="top" style="text-align:left"|Water Scarcity

|width="90%" style="background:#ededed;"|is defined as the point at which the aggregate impact of all users impinges on the supply or quality of water under prevailing institutional arrangements to the extent that the demand by all sectors, including the environment, cannot be satisfied fully. Water scarcity is a relative concept and can occur at any level of supply or demand. Scarcity may be a social construct or the consequence of altered supply patterns - stemming from climate change for example. An area is experiencing water stress when annual water supplies drop below 1,700 m3 per person. When annual water supplies drop below 1,000 m3 per person, the population faces water scarcity, and below 500 m3 absolute scarcity. (UN-Water)

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| valign="top" style="text-align:left"|Water Security

|width="90%" | is the availability of an acceptable quantity and quality of water for health, livelihoods, ecosystems and production, coupled with an acceptable level of water-related risks to people, environments and economies. (Grey and Sadoff 2007)

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===Footnotes===

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Winona

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