Changes

__NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__{{shortcut|WP:GFDL|WP:FDL}}

__NOTOC__<!-----------------------License pre-box------------------------>Version 1{|style="border-spacing:8px; margin:0px -8px;"|class="MainPageBG" style="width:55%; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; background:#f5faff; vertical-align:top; color:#000;"|{|width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff;"! <h2 style="margin:0; background:#72CDFF; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.2, November 2002 4em;"><center>Creative Commons Deed</center></h2>|-{| style="width:100%; background:#f5faff; cellpadding="8" cellspacing="50"; margin-top:+0.9em;"|style="width:56%; color:#000; background:#f5faff;"|

<center>This is a human-readable summary of the full license below.</center>You are free:Copyright * '''to Share''' — to copy, distribute and transmit the work, and* '''to Remix''' — to [[Literary adaptation|adapt]] the workUnder the following conditions:* '''Attribution''' — You must [[Attribution (Ccopyright) 2000|attribute]] the work in the manner specified by the author or [[wikt:licensor|licensor]] (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work.)* '''Share Alike''' — If you alter, transform,2001or build upon this work,2002 Free Software Foundationyou may distribute the resulting work only under the same, Incsimilar or a compatible license.With the understanding that:51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA* '''Waiver''' — Any of the above conditions can be [[Waiver|waived]] if you get permission from the copyright holder.* '''Other Rights''' — In no way are any of the following rights affected by the license:Everyone ** your [[fair dealing]] or [[fair use]] rights;** the author's [[Moral rights (copyright law)|moral rights]]; and** rights other persons may have either in the work itself or in how the work is permitted used, such as [[Personality rights|publicity]] or [[Privacy law|privacy]] rights.* '''Notice''' — For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to copy and distribute verbatim copies:others the license terms of this license document, but changing it work. The best way to do that is not allowedwith a link to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/|}|}

The purpose of this =License is to make a manual, textbook, or other functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made by others. =

This License is a kind of CREATIVE COMMONS CORPORATION IS NOT A LAW FIRM AND DOES NOT PROVIDE LEGAL SERVICES. DISTRIBUTION OF THIS LICENSE DOES NOT CREATE AN ATTORNEY-CLIENT RELATIONSHIP. CREATIVE COMMONS PROVIDES THIS INFORMATION ON AN "copyleftAS-IS", which means that derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the same senseBASIS. It complements the GNU General Public LicenseCREATIVE COMMONS MAKES NO WARRANTIES REGARDING THE INFORMATION PROVIDED, which is a copyleft license designed for free softwareAND DISCLAIMS LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES RESULTING FROM ITS USE.

We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software doesTHE WORK (AS DEFINED BELOW) IS PROVIDED UNDER THE TERMS OF THIS CREATIVE COMMONS PUBLIC LICENSE ("CCPL" OR "LICENSE"). But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed bookTHE WORK IS PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT AND/OR OTHER APPLICABLE LAW. We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is instruction or referenceANY USE OF THE WORK OTHER THAN AS AUTHORIZED UNDER THIS LICENSE OR COPYRIGHT LAW IS PROHIBITED.

==1BY EXERCISING ANY RIGHTS TO THE WORK PROVIDED HERE, YOU ACCEPT AND AGREE TO BE BOUND BY THE TERMS OF THIS LICENSE. APPLICABILITY TO THE EXTENT THIS LICENSE MAY BE CONSIDERED TO BE A CONTRACT, THE LICENSOR GRANTS YOU THE RIGHTS CONTAINED HERE IN CONSIDERATION OF YOUR ACCEPTANCE OF SUCH TERMS AND DEFINITIONS ==CONDITIONS.

This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission under copyright law==1. Definitions==

<ol type="a"><li>"'''Adaptation'''" means a work based upon the Work, or upon the Work and other pre-existing works, such as a translation, adaptation, derivative work, arrangement of music or other alterations of a literary or artistic work, or phonogram or performance and includes cinematographic adaptations or any other form in which the Work may be recast, transformed, or adapted including in any form recognizably derived from the original, except that a work that constitutes a Collection will not be considered an Adaptation for the purpose of this License. For the avoidance of doubt, where the Work is a musical work, performance or phonogram, the synchronization of the Work in timed-relation with a moving image ("synching") will be considered an Adaptation for the purpose of this License.</li><li>"'''Collection'''" means a collection of literary or artistic works, such as encyclopedias and anthologies, or performances, phonograms or broadcasts, or other works or subject matter other than works listed in Section 1(f) below, which, by reason of the selection and arrangement of their contents, constitute intellectual creations, in which the Work is included in its entirety in unmodified form along with one or more other contributions, each constituting separate and independent works in themselves, which together are assembled into a collective whole. A work that constitutes a Collection will not be considered an Adaptation (as defined below) for the purposes of this License.</li><li>"'''Creative Commons Compatible License'''" means a license that is listed at http://creativecommons.org/compatiblelicenses that has been approved by Creative Commons as being essentially equivalent to this License, including, at a minimum, because that license: (i) contains terms that have the same purpose, meaning and effect as the License Elements of this License; and, (ii) explicitly permits the relicensing of adaptations of works made available under that license under this License or a Creative Commons jurisdiction license with the same License Elements as this License.</li><li>"'''Distribute'''" means to make available to the public the original and copies of the Work or Adaptation, as appropriate, through sale or other transfer of ownership.</li><li>"'''License Elements'''" means the following high-level license attributes as selected by Licensor and indicated in the title of this License: Attribution, ShareAlike.</li><li>"'''Licensor'''" means the individual, individuals, entity or entities that offer(s) the Work under the terms of this License.</li><li>"Modified Version'''Original Author'''" means, in the case of a literary or artistic work, the individual, individuals, entity or entities who created the Work or if no individual or entity can be identified, the publisher; and in addition (i) in the case of a performance the actors, singers, musicians, dancers, and other persons who act, sing, deliver, declaim, play in, interpret or otherwise perform literary or artistic works or expressions of folklore; (ii) in the case of a phonogram the producer being the person or legal entity who first fixes the Document sounds of a performance or other sounds; and, (iii) in the case of broadcasts, the organization that transmits the broadcast.</li><li>"'''Work'''" means the literary and/or artistic work offered under the terms of this License including without limitation any production in the literary, scientific and artistic domain, whatever may be the mode or form of its expression including digital form, such as a book, pamphlet and other writing; a lecture, address, sermon or other work containing of the Document same nature; a dramatic or dramatico-musical work; a choreographic work or entertainment in dumb show; a musical composition with or without words; a cinematographic work to which are assimilated works expressed by a process analogous to cinematography; a work of drawing, painting, architecture, sculpture, engraving or lithography; a photographic work to which are assimilated works expressed by a portion process analogous to photography; a work of applied art; an illustration, map, plan, sketch or three-dimensional work relative to geography, topography, architecture or science; a performance; a broadcast; a phonogram; a compilation of data to the extent itis protected as a copyrightable work; or a work performed by a variety or circus performer to the extent it is not otherwise considered a literary or artistic work.</li><li>"'''You'''" means an individual or entity exercising rights under this License who has not previously violated the terms of this License with respect to the Work, either copied verbatimor who has received express permission from the Licensor to exercise rights under this License despite a previous violation.</li><li>"'''Publicly Perform'''" means to perform public recitations of the Work and to communicate to the public those public recitations, by any means or process, including by wire or wireless means or public digital performances; to make available to the public Works in such a way that members of the public may access these Works from a place and at a place individually chosen by them; to perform the Work to the public by any means or with modifications process and the communication to the public of the performances of the Work, including by public digital performance; to broadcast andrebroadcast the Work by any means including signs, sounds or images.</li><li>"'''Reproduce'''" means to make copies of the Work by any means including without limitation by sound or translated into another languagevisual recordings and the right of fixation and reproducing fixations of the Work, including storage of a protected performance or phonogram in digital form or other electronic medium. </li></ol>

A "Secondary Section" ==2. Fair Dealing Rights==Nothing in this License is a named appendix intended to reduce, limit, or a front-matter section of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers restrict any uses free from copyright or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject (rights arising from limitations or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly within exceptions that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is are provided for in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical copyright protection under copyright law or political position regarding themother applicable laws.

The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are designated, as being those ==3. License Grant==Subject to the terms and conditions of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says that the Document is released under this License. If , Licensor hereby grants You a section does not fit worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, perpetual (for the above definition duration of Secondary then it is not allowed the applicable copyright) license to be designated exercise the rights in the Work as Invariant. The Document may contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant Sections then there are none. stated below:

The <ol type="Cover Textsa" are certain short passages of text ><li>to Reproduce the Work, to incorporate the Work into one or more Collections, and to Reproduce the Work as incorporated in the Collections;</li><li>to create and Reproduce Adaptations provided that any such Adaptation, including any translation in any medium, takes reasonable steps to clearly label, demarcate or otherwise identify that are listedchanges were made to the original Work. For example, a translation could be marked "The original work was translated from English to Spanish, " or a modification could indicate "The original work has been modified.";</li><li>to Distribute and Publicly Perform the Work including as Frontincorporated in Collections; and,</li><li>to Distribute and Publicly Perform Adaptations.</li><li>For the avoidance of doubt:<ol type="i"><li>'''Non-Cover Texts waivable Compulsory License Schemes.''' In those jurisdictions in which the right to collect royalties through any statutory or Back-Cover Textscompulsory licensing scheme cannot be waived, in the notice that says that Licensor reserves the exclusive right to collect such royalties for any exercise by You of the Document is released rights granted under this License;</li><li>'''Waivable Compulsory License Schemes. A Front-Cover Text may ''' In those jurisdictions in which the right to collect royalties through any statutory or compulsory licensing scheme can be at most 5 wordswaived, the Licensor waives the exclusive right to collect such royalties for any exercise by You of the rights granted under this License; and ,</li><li>'''Voluntary License Schemes.''' The Licensor waives the right to collect royalties, whether individually or, in the event that the Licensor is a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 wordsmember of a collecting society that administers voluntary licensing schemes, via that society, from any exercise by You of the rights granted under this License. </li></ol></li></ol>

A "Transparent" copy of The above rights may be exercised in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter devised. The above rights include the Document means a machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification is available right to make such modifications as are technically necessary to exercise the general public, that is suitable for revising the document straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available drawing editor, rights in other media and that is suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input . Subject to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format whose markupSection 8(f), or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent modification all rights not expressly granted by readers is not Transparent. An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque"Licensor are hereby reserved.

Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG==4. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be read Restrictions==The license granted in Section 3 above is expressly made subject to and edited only limited by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word processors for output purposes only. following restrictions:

The <ol type="Title Pagea" means><li>You may Distribute or Publicly Perform the Work only under the terms of this License. You must include a copy of, or the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) for , this License with every copy of the Work You Distribute or Publicly Perform. You may not offer or impose any terms on the Work that restrict the terms of this License or the ability of the recipient of the Work to exercise the rights granted to that recipient under the terms of the License. You may not sublicense the Work. You must keep intact all notices that refer to this License and to the disclaimer of warranties with every copy of the Work You Distribute or Publicly Perform. When You Distribute or Publicly Perform the Work, You may not impose any effective technological measures on the Work that restrict the ability of a recipient of the Work from You to exercise the rights granted to that recipient under the terms of the License. This Section 4(a printed book) applies to the Work as incorporated in a Collection, but this does not require the title page Collection apart from the Work itselfto be made subject to the terms of this License. If You create a Collection, upon notice from any Licensor You must, to the extent practicable, remove from the Collection any credit as required by Section 4(c), plus such following pages as are needed requested. If You create an Adaptation, upon notice from any Licensor You must, to holdthe extent practicable, legiblyremove from the Adaptation any credit as required by Section 4(c), as requested.</li><li>You may Distribute or Publicly Perform an Adaptation only under the terms of: (i) this License; (ii) a later version of this License with the material same License Elements as this License requires ; (iii) a Creative Commons jurisdiction license (either this or a later license version) that contains the same License Elements as this License (e.g., Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 US)); (iv) a Creative Commons Compatible License. If you license the Adaptation under one of the licenses mentioned in (iv), you must comply with the terms of that license. If you license the Adaptation under the terms of any of the licenses mentioned in (i), (ii) or (iii) (the "Applicable License"), you must comply with the terms of the Applicable License generally and the following provisions: (I) You must include a copy of, or the URI for, the Applicable License with every copy of each Adaptation You Distribute or Publicly Perform; (II) You may not offer or impose any terms on the Adaptation that restrict the terms of the Applicable License or the ability of the recipient of the Adaptation to exercise the rights granted to that recipient under the terms of the Applicable License; (III) You must keep intact all notices that refer to the Applicable License and to appear the disclaimer of warranties with every copy of the Work as included in the title pageAdaptation You Distribute or Publicly Perform; (IV) when You Distribute or Publicly Perform the Adaptation, You may not impose any effective technological measures on the Adaptation that restrict the ability of a recipient of the Adaptation from You to exercise the rights granted to that recipient under the terms of the Applicable License. For works This Section 4(b) applies to the Adaptation as incorporated in formats which do a Collection, but this does not have require the Collection apart from the Adaptation itself to be made subject to the terms of the Applicable License.</li><li>If You Distribute, or Publicly Perform the Work or any Adaptations or Collections, You must, unless a request has been made pursuant to Section 4(a), keep intact all copyright notices for the Work and provide, reasonable to the medium or means You are utilizing: (i) the name of the Original Author (or pseudonym, if applicable) if supplied, and/or if the Original Author and/or Licensor designate another party or parties (e.g., a sponsor institute, publishing entity, journal) for attribution ("Attribution Parties") in Licensor's copyright notice, terms of service or by other reasonable means, the name of such party or parties; (ii) the title page as of the Work if supplied; (iii) to the extent reasonably practicable, the URI, if any, that Licensor specifies to be associated with the Work, unless suchURI does not refer to the copyright notice or licensing information for the Work; and (iv) , consistent with Ssection 3(b), in the case of an Adaptation, a credit identifying the use of the Work in the Adaptation (e.g., "Title PageFrench translation of the Work by Original Author," means or "Screenplay based on original Work by Original Author"). The credit required by this Section 4(c) may be implemented in any reasonable manner; provided, however, that in the text near case of a Adaptation or Collection, at a minimum such credit will appear, if a credit for all contributing authors of the most Adaptation or Collection appears, then as part of these credits and in a manner at least as prominent appearance as the credits for the other contributing authors. For the avoidance of doubt, You may only use the credit required by this Section for the purpose of attribution in the manner set out above and, by exercising Your rights under this License, You may not implicitly or explicitly assert or imply any connection with, sponsorship or endorsement by the Original Author, Licensor and/or Attribution Parties, as appropriate, of You or Your use of the Work, without the separate, express prior written permission of the Original Author, Licensor and/or Attribution Parties.</li><li>Except as otherwise agreed in writing by the Licensor or as may be otherwise permitted by applicable law, if You Reproduce, Distribute or Publicly Perform the Work either by itself or as part of any Adaptations or Collections, You must not distort, mutilate, modify or take other derogatory action in relation to the workWork which would be prejudicial to the Original Author's titlehonor or reputation. Licensor agrees that in those jurisdictions (e.g. Japan), preceding in which any exercise of the beginning right granted in Section 3(b) of this License (the right to make Adaptations) would be deemed to be a distortion, mutilation, modification or other derogatory action prejudicial to the Original Author's honor and reputation, the body Licensor will waive or not assert, as appropriate, this Section, to the fullest extent permitted by the applicable national law, to enable You to reasonably exercise Your right under Section 3(b) of the textthis License (right to make Adaptations) but not otherwise. </li></ol>

A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following text that translates XYZ in another language==5. (Here XYZ stands for a specific section name mentioned belowRepresentations, such as "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To "Preserve the Title" of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according to this definition. Warranties and Disclaimer==

The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which states that this License applies to the DocumentUNLESS OTHERWISE MUTUALLY AGREED TO BY THE PARTIES IN WRITING, LICENSOR OFFERS THE WORK AS-IS AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE WORK, EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES OF TITLE, MERCHANTIBILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NONINFRINGEMENT, OR THE ABSENCE OF LATENT OR OTHER DEFECTS, ACCURACY, OR THE PRESENCE OF ABSENCE OF ERRORS, WHETHER OR NOT DISCOVERABLE. These Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this LicenseSOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the meaning of this LicenseSO SUCH EXCLUSION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

==26. Limitation on Liability. VERBATIM COPYING ==EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW, IN NO EVENT WILL LICENSOR BE LIABLE TO YOU ON ANY LEGAL THEORY FOR ANY SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS LICENSE OR THE USE OF THE WORK, EVEN IF LICENSOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3==7. Termination==

<ol type="a"><li>This License and the rights granted hereunder will terminate automatically upon any breach by You of the terms of this License. Individuals or entities who have received Adaptations or Collections from You may also lend copiesunder this License, however, will not have their licenses terminated provided such individuals or entities remain in full compliance with those licenses. Sections 1, 2, 5, under 6, 7, and 8 will survive any termination of this License.</li><li>Subject to the same above terms and conditions stated , the license granted here is perpetual (for the duration of the applicable copyright in the Work). Notwithstanding the above, Licensor reserves the right to release the Work under different license terms or to stop distributing the Work at any time; provided, however that any such election will not serve to withdraw this License (or any other license that has been, or is required to be, granted under the terms of this License), and this License will continue in full force and you may publicly display copieseffect unless terminated as stated above. </li></ol>

==38. COPYING IN QUANTITY Miscellaneous==

If you publish printed copies (<ol type="a"><li>Each time You Distribute or copies in media that commonly have printed covers) of Publicly Perform the DocumentWork or a Collection, numbering more than 100the Licensor offers to the recipient a license to the Work on the same terms and conditions as the license granted to You under this License.</li><li>Each time You Distribute or Publicly Perform an Adaptation, Licensor offers to the recipient a license to the original Work on the same terms and conditions as the Document's license notice requires Cover Textsgranted to You under this License.</li><li>If any provision of this License is invalid or unenforceable under applicable law, you must enclose it shall not affect the validity or enforceability of the copies in covers that carryremainder of the terms of this License, clearly and legiblywithout further action by the parties to this agreement, all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on such provision shall be reformed to the front cover, minimum extent necessary to make such provision valid and Back-Cover Texts on the back coverenforceable. Both covers must also clearly </li><li>No term or provision of this License shall be deemed waived and no breach consented to unless such waiver or consent shall be in writing and legibly identify you as signed by the publisher of these copiesparty to be charged with such waiver or consent. The front cover must present </li><li>This License constitutes the entire agreement between the parties with respect to the full title Work licensed here. There are no understandings, agreements or representations with all words of respect to the title equally prominent and visibleWork not specified here. Licensor shall not be bound by any additional provisions that may appear in any communication from You . This License may add other material on not be modified without the mutual written agreement of the covers in additionLicensor and You. Copying with changes limited to </li><li>The rights granted under, and the coverssubject matter referenced, in this License were drafted utilizing the terminology of the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (as long amended on September 28, 1979), the Rome Convention of 1961, the WIPO Copyright Treaty of 1996, the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty of 1996 and the Universal Copyright Convention (as they preserve revised on July 24, 1971). These rights and subject matter take effect in the relevant jurisdiction in which the License terms are sought to be enforced according to the corresponding provisions of the title implementation of those treaty provisions in the Document and satisfy these conditionsapplicable national law. If the standard suite of rights granted under applicable copyright law includes additional rights not granted under this License, can such additional rights are deemed to be treated as verbatim copying included in other respectsthe License; this License is not intended to restrict the license of any rights under applicable law. </li></ol>

If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages<!-----------------------License post-box------------------------>{|style="border-spacing:8px; margin:0px -8px;"|class="MainPageBG" style="width:55%; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; background:#f5faff; vertical-align:top; color:#000;"|{|width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff;"! <h2 style="margin:0; background:#72CDFF; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0. 2em 0.4em;"><center>Creative Commons Notice</center></h2>|-{| style="width:100%; background:#f5faff; cellpadding="8" cellspacing="50"; margin-top:+0.9em;"|style="width:56%; color:#000; background:#f5faff;"|

If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more than 100, you must either include Creative Commons is not a machine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque copyparty to this License, or state and makes no warranty whatsoever in or connection with each Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general network-using public has access Work. Creative Commons will not be liable to download using public-standard network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the DocumentYou or any party on any legal theory for any damages whatsoever, free of added material. If you use the latter optionincluding without limitation any general, you must take reasonably prudent stepsspecial, when you begin distribution of Opaque copies incidental or consequential damages arising in quantity, connection to ensure that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one year after license. Notwithstanding the last time you distribute an Opaque copy foregoing two (directly or through your agents or retailers2) sentences, if Creative Commons has expressly identified itself as the Licensor hereunder, it shall have all rights and obligations of that edition to the publicLicensor.

It Except for the limited purpose of indicating to the public that the Work is requestedlicensed under the CCPL, but Creative Commons does not required, that you contact authorize the authors use by either party of the Document well before redistributing trademark "Creative Commons" or any large number related trademark or logo of Creative Commons without the prior written consent of copiesCreative Commons. Any permitted use will be in compliance with Creative Commons' then-current trademark usage guidelines, as may be published on its website or otherwise made available upon request from time to give them a chance to provide you with an updated version time. For the avoidance of doubt, this trademark restriction does not form part of the DocumentLicense.

==<span id="Modifications"Creative Commons may be contacted at http://creativecommons.org/>4. MODIFICATIONS ==

You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: |} * '''A.''' Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version if the original publisher of that version gives permission. * '''B.''' List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release you from this requirement. * '''C.''' State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified Version, as the publisher. * '''D.''' Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. * '''E.''' Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to the other copyright notices. * '''F.''' Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below. * '''G.''' Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice. * '''H.''' Include an unaltered copy of this License. * '''I.''' Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence. * '''J.''' Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network locations given in the Document for previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. You may omit a network location for a work that was published at least four years before the Document itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. * '''K.''' For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein. * '''L.''' Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. * '''M.''' Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not be included in the Modified Version. * '''N.''' Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. * '''O.''' Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.  You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a standard.  You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.  The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.  ==5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS == You may combine the Document with other documents released under this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.  The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.  In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History" in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements."  ==6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS == You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.  You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.  ==7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS == A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves derivative works of the Document.  If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate.  ==8. TRANSLATION == Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from their copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this License, and all the license notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include the original English version of this License and the original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between the translation and the original version of this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.  If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual title.  ==9. TERMINATION == You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.  ==10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE == The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.  Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. = How to use this License for your documents = To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the License in the document and put the following copyright and license notices just after the title page:  :Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME.:Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document:under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2:or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;:with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.:A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU:Free Documentation License". If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this:  :with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the:Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the situation.  If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free software.|}