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Natural rock catchment and Open water reservoir

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{{Language-box|english_link= Natural rock catchment and Open water reservoir | french_link= Coming soon | spanish_link= Coming soon | hindi_link= Coming soon | malayalam_link= Coming soon | tamil_link= Coming soon | korean_link= Coming soon | chinese_link=岩石集水区及开放式水库 | indonesian_link= Coming soon | japanese_link= Coming soon }}__NOTOC__ <small-title />
[[Image:ground ctch icon.png|right|80px]]
[[Image:BareRockCatchment.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Natural rock catchment on Sullivan Rock, USA. <br> Photo: [http://bibbulmuntrack1000.blogspot.com/2010/09/5th-training-324-km-5-days-walk.html Paul Madden.]]]
* '''Range of scale:''' a range from 20 Ksh per m3 (USD 0.27), for a reservoir volume of 5000 m3 (a valley dam constructed by oxen), to 100 Ksh per m3 (1.37 USD), for a reservoir storage volume of 100 m3
[[Image:RubbleStones.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Rubble stones save about 50% of the cost of cement, sand, and ballast. Photo: [http://www.googlesamsamwater.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&ved=0CDcQFjAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.samsamwater.com%2Flibrary%2FBook1_Water_from_Rock_Outcropslibrary/Book1_Water_from_Rock_Outcrops.pdf&ei=Ys59T4_iLanM2gXA4NTlDA&usg=AFQjCNFY-XFDfUONAlG7HCp0p7Q4YDDOhw&sig2=UKAZc-rFHN-M4tfVsNOZGQ Water from Rock Outcrops.] DANIDA.]]
There are 3 types of rock catchment costs to compare:
# Earthen dams are the easiest and cheapest to construct using manual labor or animal draught (yet vulnerable to seepage, erosion, and evaporation).
* [http://www.bebuffered.com/downloads/profit-from-storage-reprint-2013_digitalvs.pdf Profit from Storage: the value of 3R]. RAIN, et al.
* [http://www.rippleethiopia.org/ index.php RiPPLE] (Research-inspired Policy and Practice Learning in Ethiopia). Rock Catchment Dams.
Winona
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