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沙坝
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====维护====
If done timely, the maintenance required is not costly. Small malfunctions in the dam however can lead to destruction of the entire dam. Therefore, the dam should be regularly checked for cracks and damage. Particularly after floods, and extreme temperature changes cracks are likely. These need to be repaired as soon as possible by a trained mason. During the dry season, raised-sand dams should be raised by a maximum of 50 cm if the reservoir has filled up.如果及时维护，所需的维护成本并不会很高。然而即使是沙坝出现小故障，也能导致整座沙坝遭到毁坏。因此需要定期检查沙坝有无裂缝和损坏。尤其是在洪水过后，以及极端气温变化之下，沙坝很有产生裂缝。这些裂缝需要尽可能及时地由熟练的石匠进行修复。在旱季，如果水库是满的，则沙坝需要提升到最高50厘米的范围内。如果及时维护，所需的维护成本并不会很高。然而即使是沙坝出现小故障，也能导致整座沙坝遭到毁坏。因此需要定期检查沙坝有无裂缝和损坏。尤其是在洪水过后，以及极端气温变化之下，沙坝很有产生裂缝。这些裂缝需要尽可能及时地由熟练的石匠进行修复。在旱季，如果水库是满的，则已提高的沙坝需要再提升到最高50厘米的范围内。
Further, the outlet and upstream riverbed should be cleaned regularly to make sure the dam does not get blocked. Silt, rocks, dead animals, etc. should be removed regularly. This can also help prevent contamination of the water. The quality of the water in the well should be checked, once in a while, by an expert. 而且，出水口和上游河床需要定期清理，确保沙坝不会堵塞。淤泥、石块和动物死尸等需要定期清除。这也能帮助防止水污染。井中的水质需要间或由专家进行检查。
Maintenance can normally be carried out by the users of the system or by a caretaker or watchman. Larger repairs may require skilled labour, which can usually be provided by local craftsmen. In some cases, unskilled labour may be required on a large scale (e.g. for repairing a broken raised-sand dam, or a leaking subsurface dam). The labour may be provided by the users (with or without pay), or by other people who are hired for the purpose.一般可以由沙坝系统使用者、管理员或看守人来实施维护工作。较大的修补工作可能需要技术娴熟的工人来进行，通常可以找当地的工匠。有些情况下，大规模的修补也会需要非技术工人（如，修补已提高过的故障沙坝，或渗漏的地下水坝）。可以由沙坝使用者提供劳动力（有或没有薪酬），或雇佣其他人来修补。
Users may need to establish a local committee to manage issues, such as controlling or supervising water use, preventing water contamination, carrying out O&M activities, financing O&M, and monitoring how much stored water is still available (a piezometer or auger hole may be installed to allow a caretaker or watchman to estimate how much water is left and decide if rationing has to be introduced). Proper management may also help to prevent social conflict. For O&M tasks at the dam site, a person who lives or farms near this site could be appointed. This person could also be responsible for water allocation and be involved in monitoring activities, if users obtain the water near to, or at, the site. His or her authority should be clear and accepted by all users.使用人可能需要成立一个当地委员会来管理沙坝问题，如，控制或监督用水，防止水污染，运行与维修的实施与财政管理，以及监测还有多少储水可供使用（可能需要安装压强计或用螺旋钻钻孔，以便管理员或看守人可以判断剩余水量，并决定是否有必要采用定量配给制）。适当的管理也可帮助防止社会矛盾。沙坝现场的运行与维修任务可以指派给住在附近或在附近务农的人。如果使用沙坝的人在沙坝或附近取水，这个人也可以负责水的分配，并加入监督工作。这个人需要权利明晰，并由所有使用人同意。
In order to insure success at all stages of construction, operations and maintenance, the local community needs to be trained as well to manage and maintain the dam. Promote catchment-level planning & management so that varying groups have a vested interest in the same source. They can start to address
