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The gas that rises to the top is collected in a gas collection dome and can be used as energy (biogas). An upflow velocity of 0.6 to 0.9m/h must be maintained to keep the sludge blanket in suspension.
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- Difficult to maintain proper hydraulic conditions (upflow and settling rate must be balanced). <br> - Long start up time. <br> - Treatment may be unstable with variable hydraulic and organic loads. <br> - Constant source of electricity is required. <br> - Not all parts and materials may be available locally. <br> - Requires expert design and construction supervision.
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==Adequacy==
Desludging is infrequent and only excess sludge is removed once every 2 to 3 years. A permanent operator is required to control and monitor the dosing pump.
==Acknowledgements==
{{:Acknowledgements Sanitation}}
==Referencesand external links== * Elizabeth Tilley et.al (2008). [http://www.eawag.ch/organisation/abteilungen/sandec/publikationen/publications_sesp/downloads_sesp/compendium_high.pdf Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies] ([http://www.eawag.ch/organisation/abteilungen/sandec/publikationen/publications_sesp/downloads_sesp/compendium_low.pdf low res version]). Department of Water and Sanitation in Development Countries ([http://www.sandec.ch/ Sandec]) at the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag). (Provides a full overview of sanitation systems.)
* Crites, R. and Tchobanoglous, G. (1998). Small and decentralized wastewater management systems. WCB and McGraw-Hill, New York, USA. (Short overview.)
