Changes

====Technical====* Are there methods of improving construction and design of existing techniques in the area which could improve water quantity?� ''E.g. telescopic lining in hand-dug well, leak-proof tanks, deep enough wells, spacing of sand dams in series, proper gravel packing in boreholes or around infiltration gallery, use of porous concrete.''* Are there methods of improving existing water quantity of existing facilities in-situ?� E.g. jetting in bottom of hand-dug well to increase recharge.* Are there alternative / additional technical options that would be suitable in the area, which could be introduced to increase water availability by maximizing rainwater capture overgroundwater abstraction?� E.g. depending on site, any rainwater harvesting techniques such as groundwater dams or sub-surface tanks.* Are there alternative / additional technical options that would be suitable in the area, which could be easier to construct?� E.g. infiltration wells versus standard hand-dug wells, maximizing topography when constructing dams or ponds.* Are there alternative / additional technical options that would be suitable in the area, which could be quicker to construct?� E.g. jetted wells versus hand-dug wells.* Are there methods of improving water quantity through increasing storage capacity?� E.g. building deeper tanks, or more tanks, or reducing evaporation.* Are there methods of improving water availability through simpler abstraction and where maintenance and repair is more likely to occur?� E.g. no handump and household treatment, proven pump where spares available, simple technology repairable locally using local skills.* Can water availability be improved through some type of Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR)?* Can sustainability of groundwater resources be checked through analysis of recharge and water balance?* Has water demand been correctly ascertained?* Has the structure been properly sized and designed according to factors like demand, recharge and catchment?* Has there been / is there sufficient technical expertise to ensure proper design and construction?* Are there methods that can improve health and safety of people during construction and use of infrastructure?� E.g. limit hand-dug well depth prior to lining, blocks versus pre-cast concrete rings.* Are there water quality issues that affect water availability and can these be addressed?� E.g. salinity and solar stills.* Are there water quality issues that affect vulnerability and can these be addressed?� E.g. bacteriological & chemical issues addressed through household water treatment or water source diversification.* Are water resources monitored continually?* Is the project timeframe likely to help improve technical viability of infrastructure?� E.g. ''' Example: building sand dams over years = less silt build-up = more water available. * '''Are there non-WASH but related activities that could reduce vulnerability?� E.g. ''' Example: drought-resistant crop varieties.

[[Image:institutional icon.jpg|right|150px]]* '''Is the type of management structure in place the one most likely to improve water availability given the type of infrastructure?� E.g. ''' Example: catchment-based communal association = pasture management = less siltation = more water stored. * '''Would different implementation and management styles result in improved sustainability of infrastructure?� E.g. ''' Example: communal or private ownership, decentralization. * '''Would different ways of managing communal supplies improve water availability?� E.g. ''' Example: clear regulation and audit process = more trust = money keeps flowing to keep up maintenance. * '''Is the project timeframe and choice of project funding donor likely to help improve institutional management of infrastructure?''' * '''what extent has the project truly been demand-responsive and participative, and would improving this lead to improved sustainability of infrastructure?� E.g. ''' Example: how much continual learning and adjustment is taking place, how much were local concerns fed into design. * '''What areas of project implementation could benefit from having greater involvement of local people, especially women, and could this improve sustainability of infrastructure?� E.g. ''' Example: decision on technology, involvement in construction and maintenance, water resources monitoring. * '''Are there areas of existing local knowledge that could be built on in project design, which would improve involvement of local people and sustainability of infrastructure?� E.g. ''' Example: using local artisans, heeding ownership and regulation traditions. * '''What possibilities exist to improve water availability through demand management?� E.g. ''' Example: drip irrigation. * ''' Can sustainability of groundwater resources be monitored through increased cooperation (NGO, government, private sector) and application of Integrated Water Resources Managementin the area?'''

[[Image:money icon.png|right|150px|]]* '''Are there ways of improving access to finance which can improve water availability?� E.g. ''' Example: micro finance, low-cost loans.* '''Are there methods of improving ownership levels of infrastructure?� E.g. ''' Example: increased contribution including cash, private ownership.* '''Are there alternative / additional technical options that would be suitable in the area, which could be cheaper to construct?� E.g. ''' Example: more affordable storage linings, smaller tank sizes.* '''Are there alternative / additional technical options that would reduce risks of failure for investors in technology?� E.g. ''' Example: smaller structures.* '''Are there methods of constructing infrastructure to make it more affordable and replicable to users?� E.g. ''' Example: staged construction.* '''Are there methods of constructing infrastructure to allow for economic use of water?� E.g. ''' Example: private ownership, use of water for crops, living roof to reduce evaporation.

[[Image:globe icon.png|right|150px]]* '''Are there methods of environmental control that can improve water availability?o E.g. ''' Example: vegetation in runoff zone = less siltation = more water stored.* '''Are there possible environmental effects of improving water availability which could increase vulnerability?o E.g. ''' Example: downstream effects, degradation around permanent water points.* '''Are there methods of implementation that can reduce pressure on existing pasture and water sources?o E.g. ''' Example: by creating new seasonal water points away from towns.