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Natural ground catchment and Open water reservoir

175 bytes added, 20:25, 13 July 2012
→‎Suitable conditions
* In pastoralist areas, it might be good to site ponds in areas where traditionally pasture is used first after the rains. In this way, as much water as possible can be used to cover water demand before it is taken by seepage and evaporation, leaving other sources with less seepage and evaporation, e.g. sand dams, to be used later on in pasture accessed during the dry season.
 {{procontable | proborder="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center"|-! width="50%" style="background:#efefef;" | Advantages! style="background:#ffdead;" | Disadvantages|-| valign="top" | - Even if using a pond for direct water use, ponds nevertheless recharge into surrounding ground and can recharge wells around the pond so there is continued water after pond dries up. <br>| convalign= "top" | - Silt up very easily due to lost vegetation cover in catchment area, leading to soil erosion under intense rainfall and high run-off volumes. De-silting takes time and money. <br>
- Maintaining dams requires communal effort and communal institutions might not be strong enough <br>
- High combination of evaporation and seepage rates means that water in ponds does not last very long, e.g. 4-6 months in India. <br>
- Microbiological and chemical water quality is likely to not be acceptable for direct consumption <br>
- High cost of construction
}|}
==Resilience to changes in the environment==
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