====Drought, DCM, climate change, pastoralism, IWRM, DRR, participatory approaches====
'''(1) Discusses potential impact of climate change in ASALs and on (2) WASH service delivery.'''<br>
# Arab Water Council (2009). Vulnerability of arid and semi-arid regions to climate change – Impacts and adaptive strategies. Perspectives on water and climate change adaptation. IRC, The Hague, The Netherlands. '''Discusses potential impact of climate change in ASALs:''' [http://www.worldwatercouncil.org/index.php?id=32 www.worldwatercouncil.org/index.php?id=32].# Batchelor, C.; Schouten, T.; Smits, S.; Moriarty, P.; Butterworth, J. (2009) 14. Climate change and WASH services delivery – Is improved WASH governance the key to effective mitigation and adaptation? Perspectives on water and climate change adaptation. IRC, The Hague, The Netherlands. '''Discusses potential impact of climate change on WASH service delivery:''' [http://www.worldwatercouncil.org/index.php?id=32 www.worldwatercouncil.org/index.php?id=32].
====Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR), rain-fed irrigation====
'''Manual on soil & water conservation measures (e.g. bunds).'''
# Critchley, W.; Siegert, K.; Chapman, C. Finkel, M. (1991) Water Harvesting, A Manual for the Design and Construction of Water Harvesting Schemes for Plant Production. FAO publication AGL/MSC/17/91. '''Manual on soil & water conservation measures (e.g. bunds):''' [http://www.fao.org/docrep/U3160E/U3160E00.htm www.fao.org/docrep/U3160E/U3160E00.htm].
====Controlled flooding / spate irrigation / drip irrigation====
'''(1 and 2) Technical guidelines for spate irrigation structures, (2) summarizes 10 years of experience that suggest spate irrigation improvements, and (3) summarizes problems & recommendations from various countries.'''
# European Union (2008) Design manual volume 1: Technical design criteria. The European Union’s Food Security Programme for Yemen Technical Assistance to the Tihama Development Authority. '''Technical guidelines for spate irrigation structures:''' [http://www.spate-irrigation.org www.spate-irrigation.org].# Ratsey, J. (2008). Design manual volume 2: guidelines for wadi diversion and protection works. The European Union’s Food Security Programme for Yemen Technical Assistance to the Tihama Development Authority. '''Technical guidelines for spate irrigation structures:''' [http://www.spate-irrigation.org www.spate-irrigation.org].# Steenbergen, F. van; Lawrence, P.; Mehari Haile, A.; Salman, M.; Faurès, J.-M. (2010) Guidelines on spate irrigation. FAO irrigation and drainage paper 65. FAO, Rome, Italy. '''Summarizing 10 years of experience, the guidelines bring together ideas and practices on improving different aspects of spate irrigation:''' [http://www.spate-irrigation.org www.spate-irrigation.org].# Summary report. Proceedings of the Subregional Expert Consultation on Wadi Development for Agriculture in the Yemen 1987. '''Summarizes problems & recommendations from various countries:''' [http://www.spate-irrigation.org www.spate-irrigation.org].
====Open reservoirs====
'''(1) Explains risks of cyanobacterial blooms in open reservoirs; (2) overview of effect of fertilizers, pesticides etc on water quality; (3) how to measure seepage rates in reservoirs; (4) how to assess hydrological impact of numerous reservoirs; (5) looks at evaporation rates in reservoirs vs land-based tests.'''
# Cecchi, P. ; Berger, C.; Couté, A.; Gugger, M.; Zongo, F. (2009) Cyanobacteria, cyanotoxins and potential health hazards in small tropical reservoirs. Small reservoirs toolkit. '''Explains risks of cynobacterial blooms in open reservoirs:''' [http://www.smallreservoirs.org www.smallreservoirs.org].# Cecchi, P. ; Leboulanger, C.; Bouvy, M.; Pagano, M.; Nemy, V. (2009) Agricultural intensification and ecological threats around small reservoirs. Small reservoirs toolkit. '''Overview of effect of fertilizers, pesticides, etc. on water quality:''' [http://www.smallreservoirs.org www.smallreservoirs.org].# Dekker, T.; Rodrigues, L. N.; Olsthoorn, T.; Giesen, N. van de (2009) Deep Seepage Assessment in Small Reservoirs. Small reservoirs toolkit. '''How to measure seepage rates in open reservoirs:''' [http://www.smallreservoirs.org www.smallreservoirs.org].# Giesen, N. van de.; Liebe, J. (2009) Hydrological Impact Assessment of Ensembles of Small Reservoirs. Small reservoirs toolkit. '''How to access hydrological impact of numerous reservoirs:''' [http://www.smallreservoirs.org www.smallreservoirs.org].# Liebe, J.; Giesen, N. van de. ; Steenhuis, T. (2009) Evaporation Losses from Small Reservoirs. Small reservoirs toolkit. '''Looks at evaporation rates in reservoirs vs land-based tests:''' [http://www.smallreservoirs.org www.smallreservoirs.org].
====Groundwater, wells, infiltration galleries, boreholes====
'''(1) Code of practice for effective borehole drilling and (2) how to deepen existing boreholes.'''
# Danert, K.; Armstrong, T.; Adekile, D.; Duffau, B.; Ouedraogo, I.; Kwei, C. (2010) Code of Practice for Cost Effective Boreholes. RWSN, St. Gallen, Switzerland. '''Code of practice for effective borehole drilling:''' [http://www.rwsn.ch/documentation/skatdocumentation.2010-08-23.4523209156/file www.rwsn.ch/documentation/skatdocumentation.2010-08-23.4523209156/file].# Roscoe Moss Company (1990) Handbook of ground water development. John Wiley & Sons, USA. '''Section on how to deepen existing boreholes:''' [http://books.google.co.uk books.google.co.uk].
==Acknowledgements==
* CARE Nederland, ''Desk Study Resilient WASH systems in drought prone areas.'' October 2010.
