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Carbon can be obtained from a variety of sources such as coconut shell, wood or coal, and all of which are readily available practically everywhere in the world. Activated carbon prepared from local agroforestry waste residues such as macadamia nut shells, baobab shells and marula fruit stones is effective in the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution. The activation process is also quite simple and can be done with an industrial oven. Although carbon blocks have a higher contaminate removal ratio, granulated activated carbon are more commonly used in home filter systems. Activated carbon bits cannot be reused and need to be replaced after filtering about 150L of water.

==Acknowledgements==