[[Image:BlackwaterTreatmentSystemWithInfiltrationBlackwater with infiltration image.png | 800px none | 900px ]]
This is a water-based system that requires a flush toilet and a Collection & and Storage/Treatment Technology technology that is appropriate for storing receiving large quantities of water. Inputs to the system can include Faeces, Urine, Flushwater, Anal Cleansing Water, Dry Cleansing Materials and Greywater. There are two User Interface technologies that can be used for this system: a Pour Flush Toilet (U.4) or a Cistern Flush Toilet (U.5). A Urinal (U.3) could additionally be used. The User Interface is directly connected to a Collection and Storage/Treatment technology for the Blackwater that is generated: either a Septic Tank (S.9), an Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR, S.10), or an Anaerobic Filter (S.11) may be used. The anaerobic processes reduce the organic and pathogen load, but the Effluent is still not suitable for direct use. Greywater should be treated along with Blackwater in the same Collection and Storage/Treatment technology, but if there is a need for water recovery, it can be treated separately (this is not shown on the system template). Effluent generated from the Collection and Storage/Treatment can be directly diverted to the ground for Use and/or Disposal through a Soak Pit (D.7) or a LeachField (D.8). Although it is not recommended, the Effluent can also be discharged into the Stormwater drainage network for Water Disposal/Groundwater Recharge (D.11). This should only be considered if the quality of the Effluent is high and if there is no capacity for onsite infiltration or transportation offsite.
The inputs to Sludge that is generated from the system Collection and Storage/Treatment technology must be removed and transported for further treatment. The Conveyancetechnologies that can be used include FaecesHuman-Powered (C.2) or Motorized Emptying and Transport (C.3). As the Sludge is highly pathogenic prior to treatment, Urine, Flushwater, Anal Cleansing Water, Dry Cleansing Materials human contact and Greywaterdirect agricultural application should be avoided. There are two User Interface Technologies The Sludge that could is removed should be used for this system: transported to a [[Pour Flush Toilet]] or a [[Cistern Flush Toilet]]dedicated Sludge treatment facility (T.13-T.17). In the event that Dry Cleansing Materials are collected separately from such a facility is not easily accessible, the flush toilets, they Sludge can be directly transferred for [[Surface Disposal]]discharged to a Transfer Station (C.7). From the Transfer Station it will then be transported to the treatment facility by a motorized vehicle (C.3).
The User Interface A technology selection tree for Sludge treatment plants is directly connected provided in Strande et al., 2014 (see Sector Development Tools, p. 9). (Semi-) Centralized Treatment technologies(T.1-T.17) produce both Effluent and Sludge, which may require further treatment prior to a Collection Use and Storage/Treatment Technology for the Blackwater generated: either a [[Septic Tank]]or Disposal. For example, Effluent from a [[Anaerobic Baffled Reactor]] Sludge treatment facility could be co-treated with wastewater in Waste Stabilization Ponds (ABRT.5), or an [[Anaerobic Filter]] may be usedConstructed Wetlands (T.7-T.9). The anaerobic processes reduce Options for the organic Use and pathogen load, but /or Disposal of the treated Effluent is still not suitable for direct useinclude Irrigation (D.6), Fish Ponds (D. Greywater should be treated along with Blackwater in the same Collection & Storage/Treatment Technology9), but if there is Floating Plant Ponds (D.10) or discharge to a need for water-recoverybody (Water Disposal/Groundwater Recharge, D.11). After adequate treatment, it Sludge can either be treated separately used in agriculture (D.5) or brought to a Storage/Disposal site (not shown on the System TemplateD.12).
Effluent generated from the Collection ===Considerations=== This system is only appropriate in areas where desludging services are available and affordable and Storage/ Treatment can be diverted directly where there is an appropriate way to dispose of the ground for Use and/or Disposal through a [[Soak Pit]] or a [[Leach Field]]Sludge. For these Technologies the infiltration technologies to work there must be sufficient available space available and the soil must have a suitable capacity to absorb the Effluent. If this is not the case, refer to [[System 7 (Blackwater Treatment System with Sewerage]]Effluent Transport). Although it is not recommended, the Effluent This system can also be discharged into the Stormwater Drainage network adapted for Use and/or [[Water Disposal - Groundwater Recharge]]use in colder climates, even where there is ground frost. This should only be considered if the quality The system requires a constant source of the Effluent is high and there is not capacity for onsite infiltration or transportation offsitewater.
The Faecal Sludge that This water-based system is generated from suitable for Anal Cleansing Water inputs, and, since the Collection solids are settled and Storage/Treatment Technology must be removed and transported for further treatment. The Conveyance Technologies that digested onsite, easily degradable Dry Cleansing Materials can also be used include [[Human. However, rigid or non-Powered Emptying and Transport|Human Powered E&T]] or [[Motorized Emptying and Transport|Motorized E&T]]degradable materials (e. As the Faecal Sludge is highly pathogenic prior to treatment, human contact and direct agricultural applications should be avoidedg. Faecal Sludge that is removed can be transported to a dedicated Faecal Sludge treatment facility:[[Sedimentation - Thickening Ponds]], [[Unplanted Drying Beds]]leaves, [[Planted Drying Beds]]rags) could clog the system and cause problems with emptying and, [[Co-composting]]therefore, or [[Anaerobic Biogas Reactor]]should not be used. In cases when Dry Cleansing Materials are collected separately from the event that the treatment facility is not easily accessibleflush toilets, the Faecal Sludge can they should be discharged to either a [[Sewer Discharge Station]] or a [[Transfer Station disposed of in an appropriate way (Underground Holding Tank)|Transfer Station]]e.g. From the Sewer Discharge Station, the Faecal Sludge is transported by the sewer and is cotreated with the Blackwater flowing in the sewer network (Technologies T1 to T10)Surface Disposal, D. The Faecal Sludge from the Sewer Discharge station is released either directly into the sewer or at timed intervals (to optimize the performance of the (Semi-) Centralized Treatment facility12).
If sludge The capital investment for this system is introduced directly into a sewer, there must be enough water to adequately dilute considerable (excavation and installation of an onsite storage and transport the sludge to the treatment facility. From the Transfer Stationinfiltration technology), but the Faecal Sludge must costs can be transported to a dedicated Faecal Sludge treatment facility shared by several households if the system is designed for a motorized vehicle (Technologies T11 to T15)larger number of users.
All (Semi-) Centralized Treatment Technologies produce both Guidelines for the safe use of Effluent and Faecal Sludge, which require further treatment prior to Use and/or Disposal. Technologies for have been published by the Use and/or Disposal of the treated Effluent include [[Irrigation]], [[Aquaculture Ponds|Aquaculture]], [[Floating Plant World Health Organization (MacrophyteWHO) Pond|Macrophyte Pond]] or Discharge to a water body or [[Water Disposal - Groundwater Recharge|Recharge to groundwater]]. Technologies for the Use and/or Disposal of are referenced on the treated Faecal Sludge include [[Land Application of Sludge|Land Application]] or [[Surface Disposal]]relevant technology informationsheets.
==Considerations==
This system is only appropriate in areas where desludging services are available and affordable and where there is an appropriate way to dispose of the sludge. This system can be adapted for use in colder climates, even where there is ground frost. The system requires a constant source of water. The capital investment for this system is considerable (excavation and installation of an onsite storage Technology), but the costs can be shared by a number of households if the system is designed for a larger number of users[[Image:Blackwater with infiltration chart.png|none|1000px|]]
This water-based system is suitable for Anal Cleansing Water, and since the solids are settled and digested onsite, easily degradable Dry Cleansing Materials can also be used. ==References== * Elizabeth Tilley et.al (2008). [http://www.eawag.ch/organisation/abteilungen/sandec/publikationen/publications_sesp/downloads_sesp/compendium_high.pdf Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies] ([http://www.eawag.ch/organisation/abteilungen/sandec/publikationen/publications_sesp/downloads_sesp/compendium_low.pdf low res version]). Department of Water and Sanitation in Development Countries ([http://www.sandec.ch/ Sandec]) at the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag). (Provides a full overview of sanitation systems.)<br>
