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With time, the gravel will become clogged with accumulated solids and bacterial film. The material may have to be replaced every 8 to 15 or more years. Maintenance activities should focus on ensuring that primary treatment effectively lowers organics and solids concentrations before entering the wetland. Testing may be required to determine the suitability of locally available plants with the specific wastewater. The vertical system requires more maintenance and technical expertise than other wetland technologies.
==Acknowledgements==
{{:Acknowledgements Sanitation}}
==Referencesand external links== * Elizabeth Tilley et.al (2008). [http://www.eawag.ch/organisation/abteilungen/sandec/publikationen/publications_sesp/downloads_sesp/compendium_high.pdf Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies] ([http://www.eawag.ch/organisation/abteilungen/sandec/publikationen/publications_sesp/downloads_sesp/compendium_low.pdf low res version]). Department of Water and Sanitation in Development Countries ([http://www.sandec.ch/ Sandec]) at the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag). (Provides a full overview of sanitation systems.)
* Crites, R. and Tchobanoglous, G. (1998). Small and Decentralized Wastewater Management Systems. WCB and McGraw-Hill, New York, USA. pp 599–609. (Comprehensive summary chapter including solved problems.)
