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Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Wells, shafts, and boreholes

33 bytes added, 05:00, 5 April 2012

→‎Construction

* Plug the hole (e.g. with a cloth) to prevent debris entering, and make a small pond around the hole (0.5 – 1 metre deep, 1 – 5 metre diameter). Ensure the hole is on one side of this pond so that it can be accessed from ground level. The size of the pond depends on the required storage capacity, the infiltration capacity of the soil and the rainfall pattern but in general will be between 1 – 10m3.

* Remove the plug and fill up the hole with gravel (5 – 30mm) until 2 metres from ground level.

* ====Installing a filter====Install a filter which will screen out solid particles (e.g. leaves etc). This can be done using a PVC screen or sand filter, depending on the incoming water quality:. 1) PVC filters are used in combination with ground runoff: <br>* In general it is best to reduce the speed of the water as much as possible to avoid the pond from filling up with sand and clay – this can already be done by planting grasses and other catchment methods (for methods, see [[Natural ground catchment and Open water reservoir]]); .* The PVC filter pipe can be between 25 – 100mm and acts as a screen to allow water to infiltrate into the gravel layer (i.e. PVC has horizontal slots cut in the side) - the .* The pipe protrudes just above the base of the pond; .* A PVC cover piece is fabricated which is closed at the top and flares at the base so that it fits over the protruding pipe – the purpose of the cover is to prevent too many sediments entering the pipe and is removed only 4 hours after rainfall. Once water has infiltrated, the cover is replaced until the next time; .* Cleaning involves swabbing the inside of the PVC with a cloth.<br>2) Sand filters can also be used instead of the PVC filter system – this is where sand replaces the need for a cover piece and the need to wait 4 hours. It can be used with rooftop catchments where no surface runoff enters the hole, and could be done with or without a PVC pipe.

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