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Iron filter

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====Biologically-enhanced method====

[[Image:biosand filter diagram.jpg|thumb|right|~~250px~~200px|A biosand filter diagram. It can remove about 95% of iron (plus many other contaminants). Diagram: [http://www.cawst.org/en/resources/biosand-filter CAWST.]]]

The key components of the filter are outlined in Diagram 1 (see below). Water from the handpump enters the filter and is directed onto an aeration tray. Water droplets fall from the aeration tray onto a few millimetres of standing water before infiltrating into the filter sand. A slotted drainpipe, set into a thin gravel blanket, collects the filtered water which exits via an outlet at a height of 0.45 m.

The water entering the filter must contain some oxygen in order to promote the oxidation of iron. Do some checks on the DO from the handpump itself. The water only needs to reach about 40-50% oxygen saturation and this may be achieved due to the aeration that naturally occurs in the handpump spout plus that provided by a perforated aeration plate.

[[Image:bio iron filter.jpg|thumb|~~center~~none|600px|Sketch diagram of the iron removal filter. Diagram: Dr Sean Tyrrel, Cranfield University.]]

For greater detail about construction as well as operation and maintenance (how to clean the filter, etc.), refer to [http://ec.europa.eu/echo/files/evaluation/watsan2005/annex_files/SILSOE/SILSOE1%20-%20Iron%20Reducing%20Filter%20-%20Tyrrel.pdf Interim Design, Construction and Operation Guidelines for a Biologically-Enhanced Iron Removal Filter for Attachment to Handpumps].

Winona

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