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Irrigation

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'''To reduce dependence on freshwater and maintain a constant source of water for irrigation throughout the year, wastewater of varying quality can be used in agriculture. However, only water that has had secondary treatment (i.e., physical and biological treatment) should be used to limit the risk of crop contamination and health risks to workers.'''

There are two kinds of irrigation technologies appropriate for treated wastewater: 1) [[Drip Irrigation - Pepsi and Nica|Drip irrigation ]] above or below ground, where the water is slowly dripped on or near the root area; and 2) [[Surface irrigation - general|Surface water irrigation ]] where water is routed overland in a series of dug channels or furrows. To minimize evaporation and contact with pathogens, spray irrigation should be avoided. Properly treated wastewater can significantly reduce dependence on freshwater, and/or improve crop yields by supplying increased water and nutrients to plants. Raw sewage or untreated blackwater should not be used, and even well-treated water should be used with caution. Long-term use of poorly or improperly treated water may cause long-term damage to the soil structure and its ability to hold water.

===Design Considerations===

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