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Ponds

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Aquaculture (also referred to as farm ponds) is also an excellent use of ponds to provide both food security and economic security, as the fish can be sold. Farm ponds can provide for a number of benefits that can help smallholders in their quest for development. They provide for water storage for crops, can be used to rear fish and other aquatic organisms like crustaceans, molluscs and plants, be integrated with other farm enterprises and improve and vary farm family diets.

==Field experiencesSuitable conditions==In India The type of pond you need to build depends on the land contours (topography). Different types of ponds are suitable for flat and elsewhere larger dams or bunds were traditionally hilly areas. '''Excavated ponds''' are built to create ponds or ‘tanks’ to store in flat areas by digging out an area as big as needed for the pond. The waterlevel will be below the original ground level. Water seeps from these '''Contour ponds into fields ''' are built in hilly areas on a slope. The soil on the upper side of crops and every so often the pond is de-silted dug out and the silt used as to build up a fertiliserdam on the lower side. Although there has been a decline The dam must be strong because the water level in these ponds, there are some places where they are being revivedthe pond willbe above the original ground level.

==Construction, operations and maintenance==

====Depth====

The water depth is usually 30 cm at the shallow end and 1 metre at thedeep end (figure 6). The pond can be deeper than this if the pond is used as a water reservoir in the dry season. It is important that the water can be completely drained for harvesting.

 

==Field experiences==

In India and elsewhere larger dams or bunds were traditionally built to create ponds or ‘tanks’ to store water. Water seeps from these ponds into fields of crops and every so often the pond is de-silted and the silt used as a fertiliser. Although there has been a decline in these ponds, there are some places where they are being revived.

==Reference manuals, videos, and links==

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