手钻-三脚架钻井机
三脚架钻井机是一种手钻的方式，它包含重型三脚架、绞车和工作台。这种方式在津巴布韦和非洲撒哈拉以南地区广泛使用。切削刀具（钻头）通过旋转钻入地下，然后抽出并去除挖出物。重复操作直到达到了理想的深度。
三脚架钻井机在80年代初期被发明，并在津巴布韦进行制造。
适宜条件
三脚架钻井机适合疏松地层，如泥沙和软土。而硬土、硬材料和砂砾不容易或不可能凿穿或移动（除非联合使用螺旋钻和冲击钻).
| 优势 | 劣势 |
|---|---|
| - 能保证垂直钻井 |
- 使用的工具比传统的手钻工具更贵 - 比其他方法更慢 |
Construction, operations and maintenance
The Vonder rig makes use of a tripod and working table and is therefore more expensive than the conventional augering tools. However, use of the worktable and tripod ensure a straight borehole.
Equipment is commercially produced by V&W engineering in Zimbabwe. Local production is possible.
Suppliers
- V&W Engineering Ltd, Zimbabwe (49 Leyland Road, P.O.Box 131,Harare). - Produces the Vonder rig.
- Van Reekum Materials, Netherlands - Drilling equipment, hand auger and percussion drilling
- Eijkelkamp Agrisearch Equipment, Netherlands - Drilling equipment and manuals on hand auger and percussion gouges.
Field experiences
The vonder rig is widely used in Malawi, Kenya, South Africa and Zimbabwe.
Manuals, videos and links
- KOEGEL, R. (1985) Self Help Wells, FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper, FAO, Rome.ISBN 92-5-100398-X html version.
- CARTER, R. C. (2005) Human-Powered Drilling Technologies. an overview of human-powered drilling technologies for shallow small diameter well construction, for domestic and agricultural water supply , Silsoe College , Cranfield University , Bedfordshire, UK Download
- 'Private Sector Participation in Low Cost Water Well Drilling', Cranfield University, 2001. Article on private sector participation in low cost water well drilling in Africa. Download.
- Rural Water Supply Network - Useful network and website for information and downloads related to Rural Water Technologies - Hand drilled wells. General website.
- Drilling Boreholes for Hand pumps, Peter Wurzel, Skat, Switzerland, 2001 - A book on hydrogeology, well construction, drilling techniques, well development - Download. Website of SKAT
- Low-cost shallow tube well construction in West Africa, M. Sonau, FAO - An overview of shallow tube well drilling techniques - website. Website of FAO documents.
- Technical note 43. Simple drilling methods, Bob Elson and Rod Shaw, WEDC - An overview of simple drilling methods Download. Website of Loughborough University Technical Briefs section. Website of Loughborough University WELLS.
- A Water Handbook, Technical Guidelines Series, UNICEF, 1999 - Programming and implementation. Download.
- Technology notes, section 7; Tube wells and boreholes, WaterAid - An overview of human-powered drilling technologies. Website of Wateraid.org.
- Water for the World, Technical note series rws 2, USAID 1982 - Technical notes on methods of developing of groundwater, manual drilling techniques. Website Livewater International.
- Multi-service procedures for well-drilling operations, field manual chapter 9, US Military, alternative well construction, manual drilling techniques.
Acknowledgements
- The basis for the material on this page was obtained from a desk study shortly to be published on the website of the Practica Foundation, and from the Rural Water Supply Network, and specifically its manual drilling manual drilling section.