Financial approaches

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The Financial approaches portal illustrates a selection of approaches to water and sanitation service provision as well as some articles on project management.

Cost recovery for operation and maintenance

Cost sharing for capital investment

Cross subsidies

Differential tariff systems

Micro credit for private sector

Full capital investments by donor funds or government

Franchising

Franchised water treatment and sales

Improving financial efficiency

Innovative financing mechanisms

Loans/credits/guarantees

Innovative financing mechanisms

Output based aid (OBA)

Revenue financed expansion

Revolving funds

Revenue financed expansion

Self-financing

Build Own Operate and Transfer (BOOT)

Social development funds