[[Image:Treadle_pump_icon.png|right]]
[[Image:Auger drilling in action.jpg|thumb|right|150px300px| Auger drilling in action]]
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The hand auger consists of extendable steel rods, rotated by a handle. A number of different steel augers (drill bits) can be attached at the bottom end of the drill rods. The augers are rotated into the ground until they are filled, and then lifted out of the borehole to be emptied. A different auger can be used for each formation (soil) type. Hand augering can be done both by using a heavy tripod and winch (such as the [[Hand auger - Vonder rig | Vonder rig]]), or with lighter materials.
Another option is to use the well casing used as support for the borehole as the permanent casing (direct installation), although in that case a gravel pack can not be used.
==History and social context==
==Suitable conditions ==
Augers can be used up to a depth of about 15-25 meters, depending on the geology.
[[Image:Auger drilling in temporary casing1.jpg|thumb|right|150px300px| Auger drilling in temporary casing]]
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[[Image:Auger drilling in temporary casing.jpg|thumb|right|150px| Auger drilling in temporary casing]]
==Technical specification== ====Operation==Construction, operations and maintenance==
It takes quite some expertise to drill a completely straight borehole.
====Maintenance====
====Manufacturing ====
All tools can be made in local workshops (with local materials) and are commercially produced in western countries (but more expensive).
[[Image:Different bailers and augers.jpg|thumb|right|150px| Different bailers and augers]]
==CostCosts==
==Country Field experiences==
The hand auger is widely used in Niger, Chad, Senegal, The Gambia, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Nigeria, Central America and western countries.
==ManualsReference manuals, videos, and links==* Manual: Hand Augered Garden Wells, Jonathan Naugle, Lutheran World Relief, third edition 1996. Manual on Hand augering, well construction, manufacturing tools. [http://www.rwsn.ch/documentation/skatdocumentation.2005-11-15.6625703604/file Download (text only)] * Drilling & well construction reference manual, Lifewater Canada, update 2004. Internet manual on hydrogeology, well construction, all drilling techniques, hand pumps and more. [http://www.lifewater.ca/download/Lifewater_Drilling_Manual_2004.pdf Download manual]. Other information can be found on the [http://www.lifewater.ca/ Website of Livewater]. * Self-help wells, R.G. Koegel, FAO 1985. Internet manual on hydrogeology, well constructions, all drilling techniques - [http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5567E/x5567e00.HTM website]. ==Movies==
== Acknowledgements==* Manual: Drilling & well construction reference manual, Lifewater Canada, update 2004. Internet manual on hydrogeology, well construction, all drilling techniques, hand pumps and more. [http://www.lifewater.ca/download/Lifewater_Drilling_Manual_2004.pdf Download manual]. Other information can be found on the [http://www.lifewater.ca/ Website of Livewater].
* The basis for the material on this page was obtained from a desk study shortly to be published on the website of the [httpManual://wwwSelf-help wells, R.practicafoundationG.nl/ Practica Foundation]Koegel, and from the [http://wwwFAO 1985.rwsn.ch/ Rural Water Supply Network]Internet manual on hydrogeology, well constructions, and specifically its all drilling techniques - [http://www.rwsnfao.chorg/prarticle.2005-10-25.9856177177docrep/prarticle.2005-10-26.7220595116X5567E/prarticlex5567e00.2005-11-15.6127855822 manual drilling sectionHTM website].
==External Links==
* Human-Powered Drilling Technologies, Richard Carter, Cranfield University, 2005 - An overview of human-powered drilling technologies - [http://www.rwsn.ch/documentation/skatdocumentation.2005-11-15.5533687184/file Download].
* Multi-service procedures for well-drilling operations, field manual chapter 9, US Military Chapter 9, alternative well construction, manual drilling techniques - [http://www.paulsawyers.com/pdfs/FM_5_484.pdf Download].
==ReferencesAcknowledgements==* The basis for the material on this page was obtained from a desk study shortly to be published on the website of the [http://www.practicafoundation.nl/ Practica Foundation], and from the [http://www.rwsn.ch/ Rural Water Supply Network], and specifically its [http://www.rwsn.ch/prarticle.2005-10-25.9856177177/prarticle.2005-10-26.7220595116/prarticle.2005-11-15.6127855822 manual drilling section].
