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Sustainable Sanitation for Emergencies and Reconstruction

141 bytes removed, 22:47, 20 October 2016
→‎c) Raised toilets with or without urine diversion
==== c) Raised toilets with or without urine diversion ====
 { [[File:Plastic urine diversion slab.jpg| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="0" align="right" style="width: 400px"|+ 200px|Figure 6: Left(top): Plastic urine diversion slab prototype by Indian manufacturer Nag Magic, is not yet available on the market (source: Oxfam GB, 2011). Right]][[File:Raised toilets flood.jpg|right|200px|Figure 6 (bottom): Raised toilets in Bangladesh are still functional during flood events (source: S. Uddin, 2007)|-| [[File:Plastic urine diversion slab.jpg|center|200px|Plastic urine diversion slab.jpg]]| [[File:Raised toilets flood.jpg|center|200px|Raised toilets flood.jpg]]|}
The raised toilet is appropriate when it is physically not possible to dig into the soil (hard surfaces) or land ownership prohibits digging. Disadvantages of raised toilets include relatively slow and costly installation and the need for more frequent desludging than toilet options dug into the ground where all liquids are allowed to infiltrate (Johannessen, 2011).
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