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Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Contour ridges

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[[Image:contour ridges icon.png|right|80px]]

[[Image:ContourRidges.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Contour ridges. Photo: [http://www.flickr.com/photos/makeamark/5983682258/in/photostream/ Make a Mark.]]]

__NOTOC__ ~~<small-title />~~'''Contour ridges''', sometimes called contour furrows or micro watersheds, are used for crop production. Ridges follow the contour at a spacing of usually 1 to 2 metres. Runoff is collected from the uncultivated strip between ridges and stored in a furrow just above the ridges. Crops are planted on both sides of the furrow.

The yield of runoff from the very short catchment lengths is extremely efficient and when designed and constructed correctly there should be no loss of runoff out of the system. Another advantage is an even crop growth due to the fact that each plant has approximately the same contributing catchment area.

For this purpose, a special plough was designed to form the ridges, usually in straight lines (though approximately on the contour), at a distance of 2 metres apart. The machine is reversible, and the sub-soil beneath the furrows is ripped to increase infiltration rates. Cross ties are formed by the machine at an automatically controlled spacing. It is reported that one hectare can be treated in an hour, and up to 1,000 ha in a four month season by a single machine. The involvement of the villagers and implications for land tenure however need to be carefully taken into account as the programme develops.

====Akvo RSR Projects====

The following project(s) utilize contour ridges.

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===Manuals, videos and links===

* [http://www.thewaterchannel.tv/images/watersmartagriculture_CGIAR_2015.pdf Water-Smart Agriculture in East Africa], a collaborative effort by [http://www.care.org/ CARE], [http://globalwaterinitiative.org/ GWI], [http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/ IWMI], and [http://www.cgiar.org/ CGIAR]. A 321-page sourcebook for improving water management for smallholder farmers.

* [http://www.fao.org/docrep/U3160E/u3160e07.htm 5.Water Harvesting Techniques.] FAO.

* Large wiki on water use for agriculture: [http://web.archive.org/web/20151025174729/http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in:80/ Agropedia]

===Acknowledgements===

* Rufino, L., [http://www.saiplatform.org/uploads/Modules/Library/SAI%20Technical%20Brief%205%20%20The%20Importance%20of%20Soil%20to%20Water%20Use.pdf Water Conservation Technical Briefs: TB 2 – Rainwater Harvesting and Artificial Recharge to Groundwater]. Sustainable Agriculture Initiative (SAI). August 2009.

* Natural Resources Management and Environment Department, [http://www.fao.org/docrep/U3160E/u3160e07.htm 5.Water Harvesting Techniques.] FAO.

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