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- High reduction of BOD, suspended solids and pathogens <br>
- Ability to nitrify due to good oxygen transfer <br>
- Does not have the mosquito problems of the [[Free-Water Surface Constructed Wetland |Free-Water Surface Constructed Wetland]] <br>- Less clogging than in a [[Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland|Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland ]] <br>
- Requires less space than a Free-Water Surface or Horizontal Flow Wetland <br>
- Low operating costs
===Appropriateness===
The vertical flow constructed wetland is a good treatment for communities that have primary treatment (e.g., [[Septic Tank|Septic Tanks]], S.9), but are looking to achieve a higher quality effluent. Because of the mechanical dosing system, this technology is most appropriate where trained maintenance staff, constant power supply, and spare parts are available. Since vertical flow constructed wetlands are able to nitrify, they can be an appropriate technology in the treatment process for wastewater with high ammonium concentrations. Vertical flow constructed wetlands are best suited to warm climates, but can be designed to tolerate some freezing and periods of low biological activity.
===Health Aspects/Acceptance===
===References===
* Brix, H. and Arias, C. A. (2005). [http://ocfpathplanning.org/graywater/BrixDanishGWguidelines.pdf The Use of Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands for on-Site Treatment of DomesticWastewater: New Danish Guidelines]. Ecological Engineering 25 (5): 491-500.
* Crites, R. and Tchobanoglous, G. (1998). Small and Decentralized Wastewater Management Systems. WCB/McGraw- Hill, New York, US. pp. 599-609. (Book; Comprehensive summary chapter including solved problems)
* Kadlec, R. H. and Wallace, S. D. (2009). [https://sswm.info/sites/default/files/reference_attachments/KADLEC%20WALLACE%202009%20Treatment%20Wetlands%202nd%20Edition_0.pdf Treatment Wetlands, 2nd Ed]. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, US.
* UN-HABITAT (2008). [https://unhabitat.org/constructed-wetlands-manual Constructed Wetlands Manual]. UN-HABITAT Water for Asian Cities Programme. Kathmandu, NP.:Available at: [http://www.unhabitat.org unhabitat.org]
* U.S. EPA (2000). [https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=64144&Lab=NRMRL Constructed Wetlands Treatment of Municipal Wastewaters]. EPA/625/R-99/010. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., US.:Available at: [http://www.epa.gov epa.gov]
===Acknowledgements===
{{:Acknowledgements Sanitation}}